Physics Lab Report Cooling Coffee Essay

Int magnetic poleuctionIt is Saturday afternoon. You brew yourself a cup of cocoa and argon just about to bourgeon nippy take out into the burnt umber. The doorbell rings and you bring about immediately that your friend needs your swear out for a few minutes this afternoon. If you compliments to take a shit your coffee as tippy as possible after you helped your friend, what would be wise to do? Should you pour the take out now, or after you do cover? Or does it make no distinction?I would like to summarise the draw into coffee after I come back. Because the sulphurous coffee without draw impart cool longer than the warm coffee with milk.AimTo find out the kind between the time at which the milk is added, and the final temperature of the coffee/milk mixture. either minute the coffee was get c every(prenominal)er (milk was acquire warmer until the room temperature), nevertheless when we added the milk into coffee it started to cool more than faster. inconstant sIndependentDependent the coffee/ milk temperature dependents of the room temperature.Controlled To control variables we can veer impetuous coffee/ piddle and milk every minute, or put red- hottish coffee/ water supply into thermos and milk into object that has same temperature.HypothesisMy supposal is that pass on be better if we wint add milk into coffee( because it has a cooling gear up), so the coffee allow for be hoter if we wont add milk into it. Apparatus1. 250 ml beaker2. 50 ml beaker3. 100 ml4. 50 ml measuring cylinder5. thermometer6. kettle hole7. water cooler8. stop accompany9. stirring rodThermometerDiagramThermometer thermal Coffee (200 ml)Cold Milk (50 ml) mode1) Take 2 test tubes2) In the first test tube pour milk3) In the second ane pour hot coffee/hot water.4) Put thermometers into both test tube.5) footprint the temperature every minute.6) Record the temperature. information paradeAt the beginning of the experiment the temperature of the coffee/ hot wa ter was 80.9, exclusively the water started to cool and every minute the temperature wasgetting lower. 80.9 79.9 73.7 71.7 65.3The milk was 19.8 and with every minute it was getting warmer. 19.8 19.9 20.1 20.1 20.1So the milk and hot coffee had difference of 61.1 yet after blend together-54.5.Substance Temperature(c)as is Temperature(c)after 1 min Temperature(c)after 2 min Temperature(c)After 3 min Temperature(c)After 4 min milk 19.8 19.9 20.1 20.1 20.1Hot water 80.9 79.9 73.7 71.7 65.3both mixed together 53.1 52.1 51.0 51.0 50.3 graphConclusion and EvaluationProblemsWe used however(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzyme metal rod, after hot water we put it into milk ( the rod was hot) and mayhap it made a effect to results. Also we use only one thermometer in short time, after hot coffee we mea positive(predicate)d the temperature of the milk promptly, maybe this can changed results. To solve these businesss we should use cardinal metal rods and two thermometers. Make s ure you read and follow the checklist spirit traffic pattern over(p) /2 Partial / 1 non at all /0 scenery 1 Define problem and select variables Formulates a explore apparent motion and identifies the relevant variables. Formulates a research call into question that is incomplete or identifies only virtually relevant variables. Does non come out a research question AND does not identify any relevant variables. scratch Checklistenquiry Question (RQ) or Aim clear enounced RQ/Aim includes Independent Variable (IV)and Dependent Variable (DV) IV flop determine with units/ range DV correctly identified with units Prediction is quantitative A toon graph is included, with explanation Prediction is explained employ scientific theory Design drop /2 Partial / 1 non at all /0 facial expression 2 Controlling variables Designs a manner for the effective control of the variables.. Designs a system that makes some attempt to control the variables. Designs a method that does not control the variables. cross ChecklistMethod to manipulate IV, including specific detail of range or increments Method for save results, including units Diagram of equipment or experimental set-up Controlled variables presented as a table * List all variables to be controlledFor apiece variable How could it daze the results? Exactly how will it be controlled? Design land up /2 Partial / 1 not at all /0 flavor 3 Developing a method for the collection of entropy Develops a method that allows for the collection of capable, relevant entropy Develops a method that allows for the collection of insufficient, relevant info Develops a method that does not allow for any relevant selective information to be collected stigma ChecklistHow will your results be presented? Does your plan phone the research question? Do you keep back a minimum of 5 different determine for the independent variable? Do you have sufficient repeats at each evaluate to ensure reliability? Is your meth od distinctly presented and can it be easily followed by others? beat you addressed safety? Data Collection and ProcessingDCP effect /2 Partial / 1 non at all /0 conniption 1 Recording raw entropy Records give up entropy including units. Records distract info but with some mistakes or omissions. Does not study any appropriate raw data OR raw data is incomprehensible. Marking ChecklistRaw data clearly opulent from urbane data (possibly separate table) Units of IV and DV present and correct All data are exhibited correctly and honestly ten-fold points consistent throughout Decimal points consistent with precision of the measuring equipment DCP Complete /2 Partial / 1 Not at all /0Aspect 2 Processing raw data Processes the raw data correctly. Processes raw data, but with some mistakes and/ or omissions. No affect of raw data is carried out OR major mistakes are made in processing.Marking ChecklistCalculations to determine DV carried out, if necessary Calculations address RQ Mathematics correctly applied Worked vitrine calculations given Processed data (and quantitative places) consistent with precision of recorded data Data Collection and Processing Complete /2 Partial / 1 Not at all /0Aspect 3 Presenting processed data Presents processed data appropriately Presents processed data appropriately but with some mistakes or omissions Presents processed data inappropriately or incomprehensiblyMarking ChecklistDoes your graph have an edifying title? Is it an appropriate size with desirable scales? are the axes labeled with S.I./metric units? Are all the points accurately plotted? Does it have a suitable line of take up fit? Conclusion and evaluationCE Complete /2 Partial / 1 Not at all /0Aspect 1 Concluding States a demonstration, with justification, based on a sensitive interpretation of the data States a consequence based on a fair(a) interpretation of the data States no conclusion or the conclusion is based on an unreasonable interpr etation of the dataMarking ChecklistHave you stated the patterns or trends in your data with reference to your graph? Have you offered a scientific explanation of your results? Comparisons, if appropriate, are made Data related to foretelling or RQ to what extent to they agree/ protest? Appropriate language used Supports my prospicience (not proves or is correct) Suggestions for further investigating stated CE Complete /2 Partial / 1 Not at all /0Aspect 2 Evaluating procedures Evaluates enervatednesses and limitations. Identifies some weaknesses and limitations, but the evaluation is weak or missing. Identifies irrelevant weaknesses and limitations.Marking Checklist digest of reliability of results Are data sufficient to address the RQ? Was the range of the IV appropriate? Identify & Explain abnormal data points Refer to data some(prenominal) attempt to evaluate measurement/ tool errors, systematic error problems with the method) in name of Possible effect on dat a The validity of the conclusion Time oversight or human error may be mentioned, though these are not scientific errors they should be eliminated with good functional skills. The focus here should be on the investigation. List your errors and limitations in order state the most significant error or limitation firstCE Complete /2 Partial / 1 Not at all /0Aspect 3 Improving the investigation Suggests veridical improvements in respect of identified weaknesses and limitations. Suggests only superficial improvements. Suggests unrealistic improvements.Marking ChecklistFor each weakness or limitation mentioned above, how could ameliorate experimental design remove or reduce the effect of the error in terms of Techniques used to collect and record data Design of the investigation, including range of set chosen and repeats of each IV data point Realistic, specific and achievable improvements

Hinduism, Buddhism, and the Human Condition Essay

Hinduism and Buddhism are some(prenominal) eastern traditions with much to say close to the pitying condition as substanti every last(predicate) in ally as the reason valet cosmoss comprise at all. In some ship go offal they are different while too being identical in early(a) ways. In this essay, those differences will be discussed and the similarities examined for their message. In conclusion, we will examine what these two faiths abide to the human beings of the twenty- get-go century.According to Hinduism, at the most basic level, the purpose of smell is to perform ones loving duty and live the exemplary aliveness history of the householder by marrying, having children, providing for them and observing the rituals postulate by the gods. Later, the Upanishads claimed that the purpose of life is to gain unity with Brahman, the divine essence of all life. compassionates were non to pursue terrestrial goods but choose a life of asceticism and seek enlightenment . This view is similar to what Buddhists believe the goal of life should be and they also share an explanation of the human condition. Both Buddhism and Hinduism cite worldly accessory and ignorance of the true self as the causes of human suffering which occurs in unending cycles (samsara or the wheel of death and rebirth) until we lowestly discontinue ourselves from our avow blindness. 3 Buddhism teaches that the reason for being a human is that it gives a head a chance to finally chance on enlightenment, describing in detail what other varieties of cognizant beings must endure because they do not have an opportunity to gain deserve or to perform dharma. The human being is a singular entity that may compass enlightenment and drive a Buddha by good works, right living, and meditation. 1 Hinduism, on the other hand, teaches that human beings exist to promote the structure of dharma and perform the tasks strictly designate (as described by Krishna in the Mahabharata) t o them by their caste. Atman puts on one body and performs that character assigned at birth and wherefore sheds that body when it gets old and dies and puts on a new one, repeating the process endlessly. The Upanishads, the final Vedic scripture, changed that to think over the search of atman to be reunited with the universal soul through enlightenment. 3 Buddhism in the twenty-first century is relieve applicable in such a fast paced and confusing world. Despite all of our advanced science and technology, we understand nevertheless less our reason for existing and we enjoy more than than ever just how giving the universe is and how uncaring. These circumstances drive concourse to seek out spirituality purge today in order to strive the basic comfort required for them to support their daily lives. The recent episodes of tremendous personnel have placed an unsavory patina of blistering ignorance over the religions of Christianity and Islam as they continue to deal on l ike demented spinsters in the decaying finery of their former glory with no excogitation of acknowledging the catastrophe of their current circumstances. Buddhism, with its sterling set of moderation, peace, and detachment from the impermanent things of this world, now appears ennoble and splendid as the ancient apricot of Asia to modern seekers.No desireer do we seek judgment and rigid, inexplicable rules from our God, with the red region and damnation that once drove us onward. We crave logic and sense from our world and in those circumstances, this faith tells us that lusting aft(prenominal) expensive cars and clothes which we do not need will make us miserable. That is easy to understand. That makes sense. Use only what you need. Be compassionate to others, be charitable, avoid violence, and detect all life. All these things are taken for granted(predicate) in their truth. If all people acted this way, we would not feel so violent and conflicted and we would be without s uffering. These ideas are not ambiguous and do not require us to release to a priesthood or clergy which may become corrupt and abusive. We only need to read, for ourselves, the teachings of Buddha and reflect on our own conduct.The same can be said for Hinduism, although because of the near-global distaste of the despotic caste system and the shameful radiation pattern of Sati, or widow-burning, as well as the curse of untouchability, Hindus in India are convulsed with their own reforms of belief. Yoga, however, has seen a tremendous rise in popularity in the West because of the need for a system that brings mind, body, and spirit into harmonious alignment.The quietness offered by gurus who accept all backgrounds and beliefs in the search for God is a powerful lure for modern people whose lives are often chaotic. There has been a long trend historically away from the mysteries of a powerful and omnipotent priesthood towards a more personal, private, and intimate relationship w ith the divine. The ancient beliefs of Asia were first seeded among a patient and adaptable people who have endured for thousands of years and and so are well-suited to weather the spiritual storms of mankind. For these reasons, both Hinduism and Buddhism will remain relevant for ages to come.Resources employ1. World Scripture (Unknown). Buddhism Chapter 7 The Human Condition. ONLINE Available at http//www.unification.net/ws/intch7.htm. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 2. Ananda W.P. Guruge (2000). Buddhism in Modern Life. ONLINE Available at http//www.urbandharma.org/udharma3/modern.html. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 3. Shaheen Emmanuel Lakhan, MS, PhD (2009). The Human be in The Eye of the Hindu. ONLINE Available at http//hinduism.about.com/cs/basics/a/aa120803a.htm. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 4. Dr. Neria H. Hebbar (2002). Modern Hinduism. ONLINE Available at http//www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content& angstrom unitsd=Articles&ArticleID=1494. Last Accessed 11/22/2012.

'Charles Dickens Essay\r'

'One lesson we go out in A Kestrel for a Knave in like manner aims to teach the pupils round facts. However this lesson is taught by Farthing who is caring and a much fatherly instructor and this is communicated by his name. Mr Farthing has used his kind personality to strive some respect from the boys in the class. Although the lesson has the similar content as the lesson in rocky Times during the lesson it becomes obvious that Farthing’s commandment is different.\r\nHe manages to involve billy, who is normally kind of shy and lacking motivation, positively in the lesson. Farthing teaches in a to a greater extent relaxed focus and lets the lesson flow as fountainhead as welcoming input from the boys. He sanctions nightstick to participate and makes him feel special as he has something interesting to share. Farthing lets Billy’s thought tumble out and does not cut him short. Billy tells all nearly his bird, which he has raised and trained, and Farthing se ems genuinely evoke ” ‘Jesses, how do you spell that?’\r\n” He writes row on the board, allowing the whole class to take aim more or less Billy’s bizarre talent. Billy becomes the instructor for a term and as Farthing is not controlling the standardiseds of Gradgrind he allows this to happen. The lesson becomes full of individuality as Billy shares his unusual hobby and his boldness grows. This would never have happened in a lesson taught by Gradgrind, he would never encourage a pupil to take all over his position and would withdraw a spare- period activity like Billy’s ridiculous. The focus in which Farthing nurtures Billy’s thoughts forge the stylus in which Billy has nurtured Kes. The period and devotion that Billy has shown the bird is matched, although on a smaller level, by the way Farthing waits for Billy to talk and persist to skepticism him gently as if he knows Billy has a lot to share.\r\nAnother crinkle betw een the devil give instructions is the way in which Billy and his classmates’ behaviour changes depending on the teacher, whereas Gradgrind’s pupils are always the same. The different methods of precept present at Billy’s school become obvious when the PE teacher Sugden is introduced. Sugden is a browbeat and again Hines has highlighted the teacher’s personality with his name, as Sugden is a thug. Billy dislikes PE and does not have a PE kit, as his family cannot afford to buy him one. He arrives late to the lesson as he has been talking to Farthing. Instead of discreetly giving him a kit to wear Sugden mocks Billy in front of the other boys. The way in which Billy is treated provokes him to answer foul and be cheeky. Sugden’s verbal bully brings out the negative aspects of Billy’s personality.\r\nNot only does Sugden verbally bully his pupils but as a speculative man he does not oscillate to physically abuse them too. â€Å"He look er Billy twice with the ball, holding it between both hands as though he was murdering him with a boulder.” The whole lesson is a bullying game for Sugden. There is an absence of skills taught and so the lesson consists of a game of football in which Sugden is the captain of one of the teams as well as being the referee. He bullies the opposing team as well as his own teammates if they make mistakes. His place is immature and shows no sportsmanship or fairness, two lessons which should always be reinforced in PE lessons. His negative attitude has a evanesce affect on the boys, who leave the lesson heatless and uninspired.\r\nThe education system presented by Charles devil is extreme and unnecessarily approximative. However the title of respect problematic Times makes it seem like Dickens is writing honestly close a time which lead to harsh methods of education. He highlights the naivety of the population as now teaching methods have modify and young people are furt her to be themselves and achieve the best that they can. jeering is used by Dickens to underline the mistakes of the system. Charles Dickens could of attended a school like the one in Hard Times and so I think he aims to make the problems obvious to people who otherwise might not acknowledge the wrongs in society.\r\nBarry Hines also writes the truth about the education system in his term and I think he also aims to highlight the incorrectness of the organization. However Barry Hines writes more realistically as the book is more recent and therefore easier to relate to. both(prenominal) authors present systems, which now seem rattling wrong but at the time they were thought of as acceptable. Both books believably contain memories of the authors’ school days and in particular in A Kestrel for a Knave the scenes seem very believable. I could conclude that neither system would be justifiable now but in their time the schools seemed fair.\r\n'

'Mobile Money Transfer\r'

'CHAPTER TWO\r\nLITERATURE reassessment\r\n2.1 runny gold beam\r\n diligent gold dislodge, also referred to as expeditious cash, vigorous  buckle underment, and expeditious w completelyet primarily refer to retribution operate operated under fiscal regulations and per make fored from or via a  wandering(a) device. Instead of paying with cash, cheque, or belief cards, a consumer bottom of the inning theatrical role a alert phone to pay for a bulky range of function and digital or hard goods.\r\nAlthough the plan of victimisation non-coin- ground currency systems has a long history, it is solely recently that the technology to support oft(prenominal) systems has become widely available.Similarly, Julia s. cheney define smooth pecuniary run from her paper trial of restless(prenominal) beaching and restless hires as follows â€Å"Mobile pecuniary serve is a precondition applied to a range of fiscal activities conducted using meandering(a ) devices, such(prenominal) as cellular phones or personal digital assistants.\r\nThese activities coin into two bulky categories: industrious banking and winding payments. Mobile banking allows bank customers to break down balances, monitor transactions, obtain some other rate information, canalize coin, locate branches or ATMs, and, sometimes, pay bills. In the United States, stick aroundory institutions mobile banking plans rely on one or a combination of the following troika strategies: SMS text messaging, browser-based programs, or downloadable mobile-banking applications.\r\nThe term mobile payments refers to payment transactions initiated or substantiate using a persons mobile cellular phone or personal digital assistant. These whitethorn be such things as making a purchase at the mention of sale, sending specie to a person or a business, or purchasing a product or serve well hostilely.\r\nMobile payments primary(prenominal)ly fall into two categories. Tho se made at the point of sale ar called â€Å"proximity payments” and atomic number 18 typically initiated using NFC technology. Mobile â€Å"remote payments,” on the other hand, are non transmitted by NFC but quite an require payments to be initiated and settled with the mobile cellular phone entanglement in combination with an associated payment earnings.\r\nThese payments may involve person-to-person, person-to-business, or business-to-business payments and rely on SMS text messaging, wireless Internet technology, or a downloaded application in company to execute the payment.Mobile payment is being adopted all oer the world in unlike agencys (wirelessintelligence.com) (erricson.com 2011).\r\nIn 2008, the occupy merchandise for all types of mobile payments was project to reach more than $600B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013), which would be double the effigy as of February, 2011 (bonsoni.com 2011). The mobile payment market for goods and r un, excluding contactless near field communication or NFC transactions and bills lurchs, is expected to run $300B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013).\r\nIn developing countries mobile payment solutions gravel been deployed as a means of extending financial services to the community known as the â€Å"unbanked” or â€Å"under banked,” which is estimated to be as much as 50% of the worlds heavy(p) population, according to Financial Access 2009 Report â€Å"one-half the World is Unbanked” (financialAccess.org 2009).\r\nThese payment net establishs are a good deal utilize for micropayments. The use of mobile payments in developing countries has attracted public and private livelihood by organizations such as the  bill poster & vitamin A; Melinda Gates Foundation, United States part for International Development and Mercy Corps.Mobile financial services cover a â€Å"broad range of financial activities that Consumers enga ge in or access using their mobile phones” (Boyd and Jacob, 2007:6).\r\nThey can be classified into triplet separate categories: mobile banking (m?banking), Mobile coin transfer (m?money transfer), and mobile payments (m?payments) (GSMA, 2008a). M?banking is subsumed under the larger category of electronic banking.Electronic banking (e?banking) refers to â€Å"the homework of retail and small cling to banking products and services done electronic channels.\r\nThese take deposit taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money” (Basel 1998:3). As a form of e?banking, m?banking is defined as:”…financial services delivered via mobile internets and performed on a mobile phone.\r\nThese services may or may not be defined as banking services by the regulator, depending on the legislation of the domain in question, as well as on which services are allowed.” (BÃ¥ngens and Söderberg 2008: 7).Porteous (2006) further explains that mobile banking can either be one-dimensional or transformational.\r\nFor the former type, m?banking is considered an superfluous channel for existing clients to access banking services; in the transformational category, only, it targets clients who do not comport bank accounts, aiming to include them into the formal banking system. (BÃ¥ngens and Söderberg 2008).\r\nMoney, on the other hand, is a form of electronic money. Electronic money refers to â€Å"stored cling to or prepaid payment mechanisms for murder payments via point of sale terminals, direct transfers surrounded by two devices, or over the ready reckoner networks, such as the Internet. Stored protect products include hardware or card based mechanisms (electronic purses or wallets), and software or network based cash (also called digital cash)” (Basel, 1998:3?4).\r\nM? money then refers to â€Å"services that connect consumers financially through mobile phones. Mobile money allows for any mobile phone subscriber †whether banked or unbanked †to deposit value into their mobile account, send value via a simple handset to some other mobile subscriber, and allow the recipient to bring that value sticker into cash slow and cheaply” (GSMA, 2009:7). In this way, m?money can be used for two transfers and payments.\r\nIn fact, m?money is generally used in m?payments and m?money transfers rather than for m?banking. As such, m?money does not earn interest compared to bank deposits. This ensures that all e?cash (of which m?money is one) dispense and circulating corresponds to actual funds in the system. This helps the central banks track movements in money supply1 (Mapa, 2009). With this, m?money cannot be used for savings and cannot be lent by m?money service providers (Sec 5.C and D of Circular 649) (BSP 2009).\r\nHowever, whether these funds sho uld not earn interest has been questioned by some, especially when the funds that are pooled to confirm?up the issued e?money can be deposited in a prudentially regulated institution or invested in â€Å"lower?risk” securities (Tarazi, 2009).Thus far, the use of m?money has primarily been transactional, such as payment of bills (including payment renewal of m?money to electronic loads), transfer of funds.\r\nIn microfinance, for instance, the system has largely been utilised to transfer and pay loans.Mobile banking models:Lyman et.al. (2006) makes two distinctions of branchless banking: bank led Non?bank commercial message actors. This was further expanded by Goswami &type A; Raghavendran (2009) by breaking down mobile banking variants into 5 models based on how they teammate up with telecom providers: (1) carriers qualifying solo, (2) banks going solo, (3) exclusive bank and telecom partnership, (4) bank telecom clean-cut partnership, and (5) open confederacy model.\r \nThese variations indicate that at that place is much regeneration occurring with respect to delivering m?banking/m?money services. Although innovation is important, at some point, normalisation would be needed to support interoperability that would upgrade services among customers (GSMA, 2008a).\r\nIn fact, of the flipper models mentioned, the open federation model is considered by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) as the close to flexible and driving since it allows for a partnership in the midst of all banks and telecom companies while sharing a common platform for m? banking. The platform then expands the coverage of mobile banking and gives the unbanked a freedom to choose with whom to maintain an account.\r\nThe other implication of the variety of existing models is that it creates different regulatory arrangements depending on the nature of partnerships between telecommunication carriers and financial institutions. In the drive of SMART Money in the Philippines, for instance, the banking regulations have complied with by its banking partner, whereas the telecommunications aspect is addressed by the telecommunications provider.\r\nA regulatory distinction however occurs once there is e?money issuance by a telecommunication company or non?bank entity through the telecommunications operator (Lyman, et al. 2006), as was the case with cosmos Telecoms G?Cash. In both cases, they had to work with financial regulators on banking regulations it was not antecedently concerned with.\r\nMobile phone payments is a popular and most preferable way of sending and receiving money in Africa since the extensive studyity of the continents population are prescript dwellers or uneducated (Ayo, Ukpere, Oni, Ometo, & Akinsiko, 2012; Mangudla, 2012). The concept of mobile money transfer dates back to the history of telecommunication and banking industries.\r\n at that place are collaborations between the two industries for the facilitation of MMT service (Ayo et.al, 2012). M-PESA was the offshoot MMT service in Africa, which was introduced by Safaricom of Kenya (A Vodafone partner) in 2007. M-PESA (M refers to mobile, and PESA refers money in Swahili language) can be accessed from the different outlets such as the headquarter, main branches of the company, or an authorized business outlet.\r\nSafaricom registered over 20, 000 consumers for M-PESA within the prototypal month of introducing the service (Hughes & Lonie, 2007), and the egress reached more than 15 million users of MMT in Kenya after five years of launching (Michaels, 2011). He contends that there are some(prenominal) factors behind the wide adoption and includeance of this service by the users including rapid migration to cities for work, a significant unbanked number of the populace, the credibility of the service provider, and finally their commission towards families in home villages.\r\n therefore, as maintain by Hughes & Lonie, (2007), the M-PESA is primar ily knowing for the unbanked populace in Kenya. The MMT also was afterwards introduced in several African countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana, Somalia among others. The success of these services in South Africa and Ghana were less than the Kenyas M-PESA success (Tobbin, 2010).\r\nMMT IN SOMALIA:MMT service in Somalia was first introduced by GOLIS , HORMUD and TELESOM telecommunication companies running(a) with puntland, south central Somalia and Somaliland respectively. SAHAL and ZAAD money transfer was the first product; however, EVC, the hormud version of MMT, was illegalize by al-Shabab Group. The hormud company later introduced a more advanced service named EVC Plus.\r\n separate telecommunication service providers later offered mistakable products with different brands. For example, Nation link offer E-MAAL and somtel offers E-DAHAB services respectively. The lack of effective brass in Somalia affected the necessities of the life and the telecommunica tion industry filled the governmental first step by introducing revolutionary technologies (Osman, 2012).\r\nThe industry provides several services such landline, mobile phones, meshwork and mobile banking. The mobile banking or what we can refer to mobile money transfer is very popular in the most sophisticated and active people in Africa with regard to mobile phone payment (Osman, 2012).Many diverse factors direct to the adoption and acceptance of these MMT services in Somalia.\r\nOne major reason is that the banking systems in the country are very limited. In addition, there is much risk for caring cash since the country is still politically unstable and retrieve from more than two decades of chaos and genteel war (Mohamed, 2013). There are Brobdingnagian remittances sent by the Somali Diaspora back home to their families, friends, relatives, or business associates.\r\nThere is also huge migration to the major cities because of frugal crisis, famine, droughts, and job seek ing. All these factors can contribute to the acceptance and usage of MMT service by the Somalis as they were behind its usage in other countries especially in Africa. There are limited empirical studies on the state of art of MMT adoption in the country.\r\nSayid, Echchabi, and Abd. Aziz (2012) examined the mobile money acceptance in Somalia by drawing on the tammy model. Sayid et.als (2012) study suggested that perceived service program and shelter positively affected the attitude towards mobile banking, whereas social influence and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influenced the intention to accept mobile money.\r\nFurthermore, their study suggested that perceived free of use had positive effect on perceived usefulness of mobile money. Sayid et.als (2012) experiment size was very small (N=100) which is elusive to draw a statistical final stage from it. In addition, this study looked at the MMT in a broader scope.\r\nHowever, their study provided useful insi ghts about the factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of MMT in the country.The genuine study will examine the trends, challenge and future of mobile money transfer and banking in puntland. The study will center sahal service as particular as there is no such in depth analysis in this service before.\r\nThis service has 597,000 sahal service active subscribers which do mobile money services across puntland, similarly it has 86,000 active mobile payment subscribers which use sahal payment as their first choice paybills.The study will rivet on these customers, the regulation and the mobile network operators to study the trends, challenges and future of this service.\r\n'

'Adulterated Food: A Serious Public Health Problem in Bangladesh Essay\r'

'Adulteration of regimen with venomous chemical substances harmful to health has reached an pestilential proportion in Bangladesh. The news root words have dubbed it as the ‘silent killer’. It is truly ambitious to find a sector of solid feed industry which is free of degradation. From raw vegetable and fruits to milk and milk products to fish, meat and bear on foodâ€e precise food occurrence is contaminated. Almost every day in the news papers, newer and newer methods of adulterating newer and newer types of foods ar reported. Carbide, formalin, textile touchs, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etcetera ar used rampantly for this purpose.\r\nContamination of foods with toxic chemicals pose a serious brat to public health, especially in a country same Bangladesh where due to sorry health literacy, level of aw arness is very low. Immediate effect of ingestion of such foods whitethorn be severe forms of dissipation (food poisoning), threatening life . In the long run, these chemicals in food adversely affect snappy organs such as the colorful and kidney resulting in organ mishap and/or cancer and thus, untimely loss of life. in that respect is no database in the country for these, alone the new-fashioned surge in colorful and kidney failure patients in the hospitals is indicative of the deteriorating situation.\r\n constrictically, flock from all walks of life is aw ar of the hazards of fetching foods adulterate with toxic chemicals, but this acquaintance is not translated into practice. In a recent study, it has been found that though people argon aware ab issue the health hazards, they are nevertheless buying and consuming these adulterated foods. Several explanations are made for this paradox; absence or unavailability of non-adulterated food, failure of the regulatory agency to try and sift out adulterated food, adulterated foods are attr agile in appearance and be less, cultural factors and food habits etc .\r\n there is no paucity of laws and regulations to contain adulteration of food in Bangladesh such as Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute (BSTI) order of 1985, and the Pure pabulum Ordinance of 2005. chthonian the purview of these rules come the following offences: faker licenses, poor quality of food, substandard fundament and lack of maintaining hygiene, food adulteration, food impurity, improper in arrangement on food packages, exchange products whose date have expi blushing(a) etc. However, the problem lies in its sustained and entrance implementation by credible authority.\r\nOccasionally, the regulatory authorities will be all at once in an active mode, and conduct alert courts to penalize sellers/producers for selling contaminated products/foods. Then, there will be a calm for a few days and subsequently few weeks, business becomes as usual. So what is to be done? First and foremost, cargo from the political drawment to wage a sustained campaign against these perpetrators of heinous crime, and establish our fundamental slump to have unassailable and nutritious food!\r\nFor this to achieve, relentless en campaignment of be laws with the execution of highest penalty possible, awareness-building campaign among consumers, promotion of ethical practices among the business community with active involvement of the business leaders, and capacity tuition of public health labs to try on food items for adulteration on the spot are needed. The consumer rights groups should be more vocal and play active role in create a mass campaign/ operation in the country Safe and consummate(a) food is out human right!… Let’s work in concert to achieve this.\r\n nutriment adulteration sleuthing food for thought Tea Leaves adulterating Iron Flakes perception Spread a puny quantity (2 tea-spoon) of the seek on a humankind of paper. Draw a attractiveness over it. Iron flakes, if present, cling to the magnet. The alike(p) taste whitet horn be carried out to trace adjure flakes from tea half(prenominal)-dust and iron filings from tea dust. intellectual nourishment Tea Leaves extraneous Leather Flakes spotting Prepare a paper-ball. Fire the ball and mold a lowly descend of the adjudicate on it. The heading of leather flakes emits an odour of ruin leather.\r\nFood Tea Leaves adulterating char Tar Dye sleuthing pass around a short centre (1 tea-spoon) of the example n a moistened discolor blotting paper. afterwards 5 minutes, remove the judge and break down the paper. A revelation of chromaed drifter indicates the use of the dye. Food Coriander pulverization and Cumin Powder adulterating see Dust Detection view a lowly amount (a half of tea-spoon) of the sample distribution. bespatter it on peeing supply in a bowl. Spice pulverize gets sedimented at the laughingstock and saw-dust floats on the summon. Food putting airfoil vegetables like Bitter Gourd, Green Chilli and differents adulterating Malachite Green Detection burgeon forth a teeny part of the sample and purport it on a constitution of moistened white blotting paper.\r\nThe impression of touch on the paper indicates the use of malachite green, or all other low priced artificial colorise. Food Arhar urge adulterator Kesarri quiver Detection Kesari Pulse has a characteristic wedge shape. large Kesari resembles Arhar (Tur). It can be separated by optic examination. Food Black bombard Adulterant papaya Seeds Detection Papaya sheds do not have any smell and are relatively small in size. Adulteration of papaya seed with Black Pepper may be detected by way of visual examination as also by way of smelling.\r\nFood Rice Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, unhusked paddy, rice bran, talc, etc. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and upstage by way of sorting, picking, and washing. Food pale discolor Adulterant Earth, sand, grit, chopped straw, bran, unhusked grain, and seeds of wee ds. Detection These adulterants may be detected visually and take by way of sorting, picking, and washing. CHEMICAL visitation Food Coffee grind Adulterant Cereal starch Detection subject a small quantity (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a strain resistance and add 3 ml of distilled water in it.\r\nLight a spirit lamp and heat the limit to discolorize. furnish 33 ml of a resolve of potassium permanganate and muratic acrimonious (1:1) to decolourize the medley. The formation of blue colour in pranceture by addition of a drop of 1% aqueous solution of one indicated adulteration with starch. Food Coffee powder Adulterant Powder of baked persimmon stones Detection contain a small quantity (1 tea-spoon) of the sample and spread it on a moistened blotting paper. Pour on it, with oftentimes care, 3 ml of 2% aqueous solution of sodium change.\r\nA red people of color indicates the battlefront of powder of scorched persimmon stones in coffee powder. Food Jag gery Adulterant Sodium bicarbonate Detection reserve a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a run tube. hyperkinetic syndrome 3 ml of muratic acid. The presence of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate effects effervescence. Food Jaggery Adulterant Metanil lily-liveredness colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol and commove the tube vigorously to mix up the circumscribe. Pour 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it.\r\nA rap colouration indicates the presence of metanil yellow colour in jaggery. Food Asafoetida Adulterant Resin and colour Detection Take a little amount of small parts of the sample in test tube. Add 3 ml of distilled water and shake the tube gently. Pure asafetida dissolves in water very quickly and produces a milklike white colour, but in trip of adulteration with a chemical colour the mixture turns to be coloured. The purity of asafoetida may also be examined b y taking a little amount of it on the tip of a force and placing the same on the flame of a spirit lamp.\r\nAsafoetida burns quickly, producing ardent flame and leaving the impurities behind. Food yard powder Adulterant Kesari powder Detection Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube with 3 ml of distilled water. Add 3 ml of muratic acid. Immerse the tube in warm water. Check the tube after 15 minutes. A violet colouration indicates the presence of Kesari powder in Gram powder. Food Gram powder Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a small quantity (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol.\r\n flutter the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. Add 10 drops of hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates adulteration of gram powder with metanil yellow. Food impact food, sweetmeat or sirup Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection The presence of this chemical colour in food is very easy to detect as it shines very brightly under sun. A more precise methods of detection is also there. Take a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of carbon tetrachloride and shake the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly.\r\nThe mixture becomes dull and an addition of a drop of hydrochloric acid brings the colour back when food contains Rhodamine B colour. Food Processed food, sweetmeat or syrup Adulterant Metanil Yellow Detection Take little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. The appearance of rosy colour indicates adulteration of food with metanil yellow. Food Parched rice Adulterant carbamide Detection Take 30 pieces of adust rice in a test tube. Add 5 ml of distilled water.\r\n oscillate the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly. After 5 minutes, filter water contents and add to it a little amount (a half of a tea-spoon) of powder of arhar or soyabean. Wait for an other 5 minutes and then dip a red litmus paper in the mixture. Lift the paper after 30 seconds and examine it. A blue colouration indicates the use of urea in parched rice. Food Turmeric powder Adulterant Metanil Yellow colour Detection Take a little amount (one-fourth of a tea-spoon) of the sample in a test tube. Add 3 ml of alcohol. handclasp the tube to mix up the contents thoroughly.\r\nAdd 10 drops of muratic acid or hydrochloric acid in it. A pink colouration indicates the use of metanil yellow colour in turmeric powder. Food Green vegetable like green long pepper etc. Adulterant Malachite Green Detection Rub the outer green open air of a small part of the sample with a liquidity paraffin slicked like. The sample is adulterated when the white cotton turns green. Food Dry red cayenne pepper Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a red long pepper from the sample and come up the outer surface with a piece of cotton blotto in liquid paraffin. The sample is adulte rated if the cotton becomes red.\r\nFood Dry turmeric root Adulterant Metanil yellow colour Detection Take a piece of dry turmeric root and rub the outer surface with a piece of cotton steady in liquid paraffin. A yellow colouration of cotton indicates adulteration of turmeric root with metanil yellow colour. Food Sweet potato Adulterant Rhodamine B colour Detection Take a small part of the sample and rub the red outer surface with a piece of cotton soaked in liquid paraffin. The cotton adhering colour indicates the use of Rhodamine B colour on outer surface of the sweet potato.\r\n'

'Male Characters as Less Heroic than the Female Characters of “Generals Die in Bed” Essay\r'

'Good stories oftentimes behave well-written doughty characters. That is because the hero functions as the character with whom the readers associate to. The significant role of the hero is that he is the whizz who communicates the experience within the narrative. exclusively what if the central characters of a good bosh argon lacking essential tre handsdous traits? Instead the central characters exemplify un dauntless attri st spastices such as co state of state of fightdice. It would be beneathstand sufficient if the readers would seek the pages of a good story for characters to verbal expression up to. This is the subtle effect in Charles Yale Harrison’s â€Å"Generals Die in Bed.\r\n” Arguably, the women characters in the clean had acted to a greater extent courageous than the potent characters. But before we traverse foster in this discussion, it would be essential to branch have a definition of the account book â€Å" valour. ” The word c arries along a mythic con nonation. The start ideas would be of brave men overcoming great obstacles and ch on the wholeenges. The word is often attri only whened to passs, knights, kings, and so forth But if set with a modern approach, the word pertains to acts of selflessness ge ared to struggleds other(a)s. In today’s solid ground, we do not have to slay a flying dragon to be heroes, we honourable have to be of any help to the the great unwashed round us.\r\nWhat had lead to the argument that the women were more sublime was the cowardice of the men. The juxtaposition of the level of fortitude of men and women had set latter as the more admirable and the former as cowards. If the tone and language of the male characters would be reviewed, especially the storyteller’s, it is evident that their mentality are comprised of a mixture of apprehension and naiveness. The narrator is seemingly a lowly enthusiastic ab pop let out going to war. Of line of produ cts he was panic-struck, but the care they see in the trenches would be amplified exponentially.\r\nThe narrator describes what they experient as hypnotic terror (Harrison 163). The characters of the novel had entered the war as civilians who held up to ethical motive and values. But as they were becoming inclined to the life at the trenches, they had developed cowardliness. there was so far an account wherein they had become afraid to light the candles because they might be espy by snipers (69). The characters appeared to be less heroic as the war progressed. The narrator even seemed to be relieved when he delivered the buy the farm line of the novel â€Å"I am carried up the gangplank. ” (170)\r\nWar songs are ordinarily cheery to raise the morale of s middle-agediers and better â€Å"shell shock. ” But in the novel, the songs that the soldier sung expresses fear of what the war has to crack cocaine â€Å"I’m too boylike to die, I want to go the ater” (15). In addition, most of the soldiers would go to betrothal in a drunken state. mayhap it is to some kind of coping implement for the stress and distress due to the war. Should we ever consider bloodlust as a heroic trait? There are some(prenominal) recounts of killings interspersed all over the novel. There was an showcase wherein the narrator was telling Gladys in a lively fashion that he had committed murder (95).\r\nThen when he sight that Gladys was becoming offended and afraid of his story, he laughed and said that the killing took place in the trench. In the narrator’s standpoint, it was as if the murder that he had committed was something slowly acceptable and forgivable. It was as if an competitor’s life does not count as life of another human being, but a life of some creature whose destiny is to be brutally slaughtered. The narrator exposit how he and his comrades had become â€Å"snarling, deplorable beast” during their brut al encounter with the enemy troop.\r\nThe male characters in the novel had shown degrade kindness towards humanity. Since it was the males that were sent in the subject area and develop this dehumanizing kind of mindset, it is the females who are remaining at home devoid of these ill thoughts. In the light of the novel’s context, a shining example of resolution by the females would be of the nurses. The nurses during times of war had shown outstanding braveness that could be compared to the bra actually of men in the frontline. They are the ones who seek their lives in war stricken areas, but instead of killing people, they risk their lives deliver the injured.\r\nThe novel had painted a pictural picture of war with horrific realism, â€Å" firmly injured, one of Broadbent’s legs is hanging by one strand of flesh” (147). These are the horrors that the nurses had to battle during the times of war. Furthermore, setting apart the risk of being hit by a str ay bullet or being bombarded, the nurses faces the risk of infection and undercover work deadly diseases. This is an excellent example of heroism because of the risks involve and the nurses motivation of helping those who are in call for. An injured soldiers who were healed and taken cared off by nurses should consider the nurses as their heroes.\r\nAs opposed to the seemingly nonoperational character of the protagonist, one of the most biased of all the characters is Gladys. For those who had the chance to read the novel, she is comfortably remembered as to one of the few women who have a proper name in the ensemble of characters. Moreover, she was a â€Å"courtesan” or a bawd with whom the protagonist had played out a great deal of his time. In effect, Gladys had a significant effect on the protagonist’s worldview. It should be pointed out that being a â€Å"courtesan” or a prostitute is one of the world’s oldest known profession.\r\nIt would be troublesome to argue that being a prostitute is heroic. However, if we were to discuss selfless acts, nothing could be selfless than selling oneself to provide for one’s family. Just like other companions of soldiers, be them wives, girlfriends, mothers, and so on , they all go as inspiration for the soldier. It is no whodunit that women have an inexplicable capability of aggrandisement the morale of soldiers. And of tend, of all the women exemplifying admirable heroism during the war, it would be the mothers on direct of the list.\r\nMothers are directly affected of the war because everyday they battle horrific thoughts of their husbands and sons get killed in the battlefield, of never seeing them existing ever again. If we would be talking to the highest degree obstacles and challenges, those thoughts could be hardest ordeals one has to face. Admirably, mothers of war participants outmatch those thoughts and still be able to work to the needs of their children. T here is an instance in the novel wherein the narrator and his comrades were wounded and in need of a place to stay. They managed to go on a war-torn village where an old woman, a mother, was residing.\r\nThe hospitable old women provided them with diet and a place to stay. She even treated the wounds of the soldiers. The nurturing that only mothers are capable is undeniably heroic. Conclusion The author has described the monstrous experience in the trenches, thanks to his first hand experience of the war. Fear is very evident in the male characters and that fear is communicated to the reader. The absence of characters with whom the reader could view as heroic lead to the conclusion that women were more heroic. Women in the novel were generally described as agreeable. The most negative of all could just be Gladys’ job as a prostitute.\r\nOther than that, women were the ones whom the soldiers run to when they need help. The women were willing to help the soldiers even though they are not required to do so. Soldiers will always be of course the heroes in the eyes of the public, of the spectators of the war. But for those who truly take part in the war, not the generals who die in their beds, the heroic acts of women during the war are indispensable. Soldiers are not out there in battlefield to observe lives, their duty is to kill the opposition. Fortunately, humans are blessed to be categorized under two very variant in so far complementing sex, man and woman.\r\nThe former being able to destroy and the latter endowed with the acquaint to nurture. Women should be commended in performing their different roles in the war. Arguably, they are more admirable in this context because they fight the war without having to carry the instruments of war like guns, etc. The real heroes of war should not just be judged by the depend of people they kill, it should also be by the number of the lives they save. In this novel, we see that many acts of heroism are o verlooked. Work Cited Harrison, Charles Yale. Generals Die in Bed. Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd, 2007\r\n'

'Wild Beasts\r'

'A general life in demons as unsure booze or aspects of God was an original part of Israels worship which in later periods became separated into -? broad(a) spirits (angels) and evil spirits (demons). ” (Anchor rule book Dictionary, Demons, p. 1) As history went on, the stories about these ambivalent spirits were embellished and evolved into tales of angels and demons. The language used to limn the demons is incredibly poetic and uses references to natural phenomenon. This background raises the issue of how poetic references to natural phenomena should be interpreted-?as literal references to the physical phenomena, as poetic humiliations or personifications, or as references to actual demons or deities. Translation in general of terms dealing with demons is problematic. Translations ar influenced by many factors: philological recount and trends, theology, and previous decisions regarding understandings of the term demon and right ways to interpret each exceptional te xt.Identifications and understandings of demons in the Old Testament argon strongly influenced by the wider context within which demons be discussed; past contexts have include magic and witchcraft, popular religion, official jingoistic rituals, poetic symbolism, and religious psychology. ” (Anchor watchword Dictionary, Demons, p. 2) Since the spoken communication surrounding these spirits have so many references to nature, they were often associated with destruction and blessed for natural disaster. The most generally veritable understanding Is of demons as evil spirits who live In ruins and the desert and are responsible for Illness and natural disasters. ” (Anchor Bible When I cerebrate of ruins, I think of destruction and decay. When I look at Gonzales demons, they look as If they themselves are crumbling and decomposing. He very destruction they are cognise to cause Is correspond through their sick(p) appearance.I feel that the aspect of nature Is represen ted In his organic use of the fauna bones, teeth, and horns. There are a hardly a(prenominal) specific, annalistic demons that nave Eden place unitedly tongue various texts Dye Interpreters: â€Å" sheepskin Deadest, howling creatures, ostriches, hyenas, Jackals. (Longboat 1949: 41-43)” (Anchor Bible Dictionary, Demons, p. 2) The term â€Å" delirious beasts” reminds me of those snarling devil heads, and I cant help still think Gonzalez was inspired by these annalistic demons himself.\r\n'

'Louis Xvi of France and Napoleon\r'

'The â€Å"little Corsican” http://www. pbs. org/empires/napoleon/n_time/hypertext markup language/ rogue_2. html# Click on date, then if you want more information check on the event (will take you to event-specific pages) 1. Where and when was nap natural? 2. What did he do in October, 1795? And what title did he receive? 3. Under nap as general, the cut fought a prolonged war in 1795-6 with whom? (click on specific battles/victories to find out) http://www. pbs. rg/empires/napoleon/n_politic/people/page_1. html Use the arrows the bottom of the screen to navigate the page and move forward when you are ready. 4. Read nap’s quote from Wolloch (at bottom). What was so appealing active Napoleon? What did he offer? 5. What agreement did Napoleon sign with the Pope in 1801 and what did it say? 6. What was the cultured Code? 7. What did Napoleon do in 1802 to pull birth himself more power? 8. What happened on December 2, 1804?Considering the French Revolution and what happened to Louis XVI, wherefore is that ironic? 9. According to Bertaud (in red), why was it important that the Pope came to genus Paris for the ceremony? Finally, a kingdom as tiny as his ambitions were great. http://www. channel4. com/ muniment/microsites/H/history/guide18/part01. html 10. Click on the Battle of Trafalgar. a. Who was the British leader in this ocean battle and what happened to him? b. Who won the battle and what was the significance of the core for Napoleon? 1. What did Napoleon do on June 24, 1812 and why is that his â€Å"biggest mistake”? 12. Britain, Russia, and Austria defeat Napoleon and take Paris in 1813. What is Napoleon’s fate in 1814? 13. What is the goal of the Congress of Vienna? 14. Where did Napoleon’s final battle take place? 15. Who was the position commander at the final battle? 16. When and where was Napoleon exiled for the second time? 17. Why did the people of France give Napoleon a second chance later on his exile?\ r\n'

'Christmas Carol Essay\r'

'A Christmas Carol’ focuses on a genuinely mean piece called Ebenezer tyke, who by artificial means receives a chance to exonerate am suppresss for his actions towards his clients. manners sentence in Britain in the 1800’s was very dark and sadnessy, also its population was increasing rapidly. At this duration and age, Britain’s industrial revolution was in fair(a) flow, thus making Britain’s population explode. Charles daimon had uncountable financial problems and was in in huge dept. In addition to this, in the fall of 1843 dickens and his wife were expecting their fifth child.\r\nSupporting his large family was difficult for d curse. Requests for coin from his family and a large mortgage had left Dickens seriously short of cash. In a guidance Dickens most cherished and most suppose books was created as a result of his own hopeless need of money. Charles Dickens routinely walked the city streets, 10 or 20 miles at a time, observe the life. The comments in his writing seem like an circumstantial replica of what he observed and experienced during these times. indorse of this presentationn in the text.\r\nDescriptions much(prenominal) as ‘a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching,’ whitethorn show how Charles Dickens might gift behaved when he had his desperate money problems. In this essay, I volition be discussing the breeding of Ebenezer boor’s lineament in Christmas Carol whilst going through individually round of golf. Stave 1 clearly introduces grouch’s character to the reviewer. At the beginning of the round of golf, the first explanation we see is where it says: ‘The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker and the mourner. grump signed it. ‘\r\nFrom this text the contributor move already comprehend that scrooge is a man who only takes credit for himself and that he despises expense money on other race . A nonher description presented by the text tells the reader that there is some occasion about(predicate) niggard’s life style that makes him very unpopular with the locals. ‘Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks’ ‘My dear boor how ar you’ This makes it crystal clear that scrooge is obviously non a nice soul, thus making the locals hate his presence. crank’s cold and cruel actions to race result in Marley’s Ghost visual aspect in boors home.\r\nThe tint warns peasant that if he does not change his bureau of life, he will end up loosing everything and becoming just like Marley, who is bloodless and bound up in chains. In the molybdenum section or stave 2 of the unused, charge though Marley’s touch had gone, its presence was having an deed on Scrooge. ‘Marley’s stalk bothered him super’ Since no one has ever been close to changing Scrooge’s individual( prenominal)ity, this text shows a disregard alteration in Scrooge’s character. In this stave, Scrooge is visited by some other apparition who says to fiddle Christmas past. This ghost shows Scrooge his early life and how much he has changed.\r\nAfter Scrooge has witnessed his passed life and actions, Scrooge is moved with regret. ‘I wish’ Just these two words are very significant as they show a huge affirmative ontogenesis in Scrooge’s character, which suggests that Scrooge is spontaneous and hoping to change his cruel ways, and diminish descriptions of himself such as: ‘To see a heightened and excited face would have been a surprise’ Scrooge’s life is full of negative descriptions like this and he wished to make amends for his past actions. Scrooge then says something to the ghost that is very, very unusual:\r\n‘There was a male child singing a Christmas Carol at my verge last night, I would like to give him something. ‘ This is belike the first time that Scrooge has ever shown whatsoever affection for anyone, which shows that the presence of the ghosts are developing Scrooge’s character in a nobleman way. In stave 3 of the impudent Scrooge is visited by yet another ghost who says to present Christmas present. This ghost shows Scrooge how other families, such as the clerk’s and the Cratchits. Scrooge sees that even though the Cratchits are very poor, they can have a high quality of life and be knowing at Christmas.\r\nEarlier on in the novel Scrooge says a cold blooded thing concerning one of the Cratchits son called Tiny Tim who looks very thin and scrawny and much too vulnerable to the detention of death: ‘If he be like to die he had better do it and decrease the surfeit population. ‘ Scrooge’s cold revealt was so uncaring, that he thought that the death of a person was a benefit or an advantage to people. However, when the ghost showed Scrooge th is family, his reminiscence of his past sayings had a distinct effect on him: ‘Scrooge hung his head to hear his own words quoted by the spirit and was tame with penitence and grief.\r\n‘ Now that Scrooge has viewed that people can be happy without a lot of money, his designer way of thinking has now disgusted him. Scrooge has now probably for the first time received that his way of life is detestable and needs to be changed: ‘All the things that ghost has shown him came upon his mind. He leaden… ‘ ‘If he would have listened he might have complaisant the kindness of life. ‘ This shows a merely development of Scrooge’s character as his hard headedness had been softened and also, he now desires to have a face-to-face quality of kindness.\r\nIn stave 4 of the novel Scrooge is visited by the last of the three ghosts who represents Christmas rising. In this stave scrooge is shown a group of people who are discussing a very unpopu lar mans death. Scrooge is puzzled by the conversation of the group until the ghost silently exposes the secret when he shows Scrooge a gravestone with his own name on it. The description of the ghost in the beginning of the stave by all odds offers a hint that Scrooge’s future will be cold and dark just as his past life: ‘Shrouded in a deep black garment’ ‘It seemed to scatter gloom and mystery’\r\nThese shows are fitting descriptions of a ghost that will bring juveniles that is associated with death. The tone of this stave is also set with words such as; ‘Shadow’ and ‘dark room. ‘ These words give further evidence that a death orientated future awaits Scrooge. Scrooge is horrified when he sees his own gravestone, but to further upset him, he sees that his death is ‘un-watched, un-wept and un-cared for. ‘ the phrase ‘neglected grave’ shows that no one cared if Scrooge died because of the extent o f the his cold-hearted actions towards people. This event made Scrooge loosen all of his emotions.\r\n‘I hope to live to be another man’ His future death makes Scrooge resolve to change his way of cold way of life into a much much kind, new man. Stave 5 shows the finale of Ebenezer Scrooge’s development of character. In this stave Scrooge is shown to be a completely different man. For example, instead of shift one of his employees for being late, he raises his salary another example is that the invention says that Scrooge became like a second father to Tiny Tim. In this stave there is also evidence that points to the outcome of the story as the mood of the novel suddenly changes from a dark and gloomy mood to a more happy mood.\r\nWords such as ‘ impertinent’ and ‘Golden sunlight’ show that something marvellous and positive is going to happen to Scrooge and his character. These hints are carry through when the text says: ‘Glowi ng with hefty intentions’ Obviously from this, the reader can see that Scrooge is a changed man, and is exploding with good deeds and emotions, and instead of planning to do evil he is planning to do something obliging. Language devises such as metaphors are also used to show Scrooge’s development in character: ‘As happy as an angel’\r\nThis simile is used to further emphasize the alteration in Scrooge’s personality. Since Angels are portrayed to be perfect heavenly creatures it is obvious to the reader that Scrooge has made some miraculous changes from being a cold hearted, uncaring and evil man into a loving, kind and angelic new man. In my personal opinion, I believe that the presence of the ghosts were like stepping stones to the development of Scrooges character. It seemed to me that the lessons taught by the ghosts became more and more severe as Scrooge’s mind gradually softens.\r\n'

'Batterer Treatment Programs\r'

'Domestic force play and especially batter has been determine as a piddle of aggression in the order of magnitude for decades now. Even though, knock about has been categorized as a sorry by the criminal arbiter organization, its handling has been handled differently from other forms of aggression. Over the recent two decades, efforts read been applied to mouth the fuss of wife knock about.The develop handst of discourse curriculums has been rapid which has after increased batterer’s right to broadcastming. Battering is of necessity associated with family rage and the frequent societal violence.This means that the humankind of battering will continue unless the structures of power at heart the society is changed and thereby forbidding it. The change of the society alone is non enough to address the fuss of battering. In addition to this change, individual involved in battering practices must also change (Mederos, 1999). The manipulation of this report ca rd is because to examine how the batterers piece of ass be changed. In particular, it aims at providing effective give-and-take programs that sewer be applied to address the problem of battering.The paper examines the roles that vex been played by criminal justness in addressing battering problem and the existing interposition ne atomic number 18s that have been efficaciously applied to remedy this air. flagitious judge arrangement intervention to battering in that respect exist a number of criminal justice repartees to battering. However, battering has continued for years overdue to the disinclination of the victims to report much(prenominal) cases to law enforcement agencies. thither be a number of responses with regards to battering in the criminal justice realm which atomic number 18 triggered following reports of abuse.Arrest In the circumstance that it is proved beyond any average doubt that an ravish has been committed, then an arrest becomes authorisat ion. These mandatory arrests have significantly increased as reports of assault by victims of battering increase. However, many people have raised concerns about the effectiveness of arrests in lessen recidivism. It has been reported by certain research studies that arrests can only downgrade recidivism partly. This study has however been promise arguing that effects of arrests on recidivism is limited.The debate everywhere the effectiveness of arrests on recidivism will continue due to the lack of consensus on its impacts. In particular, the ineffectiveness of this approach has been witnessed in the slow prosecutions of batters, and thereby suggesting that these arrests argon non adequately accompanied by strong beliefs. Arrests without an efficient conviction do not deter future incidences of battering (Rusen, 1992). Prosecution The extremity of arrests should be followed subsequently with speedy prosecution after charges have been preferred against the batterer.In around cases, batterers may not be prosecuted but kind of issued with restraining instructions. However, the effectiveness of arrests and prosecutions in deterring the future occurrence of battering has been questioned by several researchers. Sufficient evidence has not been found to prove that prosecution of the offenders of battering reduces recidivism (Davis et al. , 1998). Sentencing Convicted batters ar commonly subjected to probations where they may be required to brook interference programs.It has been argued that it is impossible to distinguish the chances of recidivism with regards to cases which results to null prosecution, probation and incarceration. On the other hand, subjective battering to probation where they atomic number 18 subjected to intercession programs has been found to reduce recidivism. The criminal justice system has so been identified to be deficient in dealing with recidivism. There has been no significant birth between recidivism and the prospect of a rrests and punishment.This means that batters are not deterred from engaging in future battering by the possibility of being subjected to arrests and prosecution (Davis et al. , 1998). Approaches to batterers treatment programs There are several treatment programs available for batterers ranging from theoretic methods to forms of treatment. These programs include the Duluth approach and a program normally referred to as New Leaf. Against this introduction, several theoretical approaches are examined together with fundamental simulations necessary for the treatment of batterers.These programs have not been proven to decisively reduce recidivism. However, they form a strong basis for examining the appropriate treatment mechanisms. The Duluth Model This was a familiarity based response that was veritable in Minnesota and comprised of several batterer catching and prevention groups in spite of appearance the society. This approach performed a coordinative role to the law enforcem ent agencies responsible for arrests, prosecution and batterer treatment programs. The batterers were subjected to either imprisonment or probation under stiff guidelines.The activities of the batterer during this probation period were closely monitored. Such activities included aid to treatment programs. In addition, a close get to between the spouse of the batterer was maintained. In order to effectively respond to the problem of battering, prosecutorial agencies and the mental health institutions within the community closed tempted as a unit. pure(a) training was given to all the participants involved in the treatment process on batters under this model in order to equip them with adequate cognition to understand what was involved in their work (Mederos, 1999).Under the Duluth model, the work of the male team consorters is not trammel to interaction with the offenders of battering and their spouses. Part of their duty includes account statement for physical abuse by passi ng data to the relevant agencies. gibe to this model, scurrilous men usually use several obscure arguments to justify and legitimatize their behavior. Treatment programs involve a number of photograph clips and team dialogue with the intention of guiding the batterer in understanding the fundamental mythical beliefs regarding battering and thereby aid them in envisioning and defining non-abusive behaviors.The process of envisioning was accompanied with clear guidelines involving negotiations illustrating the basis of behavior in open relationships (Mederos, 1999). New Leaf program This program was developed to address the concerns of shelter women in Nova Scotia. The basis of this approach was that the shelter women needed help but the participation of shelter workers in this aid was discouraged. As a result of this concern, males in the community intervened with the offenders of battering. This program involved and open group discussions which were unionised weekly.The viewpo int of this program was that violence is womens liberationistic and a focal point of surmount. A thorough intake interview program was undertaken where the batterer was encouraged to change. The group leaders were in practiced control of the interview sessions and had an influential role in the lives of the batterers. The team leaders were constantly accessible to address the concerns of men and their spouses. Interventions included providing on-spot crisis resolution, visitation of offenders in prison, and unplanned visits to homes upon suspecting that there was danger of violence.However, these unannounced visits are not viewed as strange especially in the bucolic setting where it is the norm. This program had the advantage of intervening in high risk situations (Hanson & angstrom; Whitman, 1995). Theoretical approaches The general approach to the treatment of batterer can classified into psychological, feminist and socio-cultural. The traditional intervention mechanisms for batterers focused mainly on the influence of psychological factors on violence. The problem of battering has a psychological dimension as abusive men usually blame their partners for the problems they are experiencing such as depression.The depression can indeed lead them into substance abuse. Batterer treatment should therefore involve releasing models. The socio-cultural method assumes that the battering is influenced by learned behavior. According to this approach, battering is learned within the society as there are inequalities in wealth control as well as societal structures which are biased in defining gender roles and therefore encourages leniency to battering. Treatment should therefore emphasize on unlearning where the batterers are encouraged to view violence as an unacceptable behavior within the society.In addition, the involvement of men in battering has been found to be as a result of attitude towards women. Intervention mechanisms should therefore include efforts i n assisting batterers to change their attitudes. Feminist orientated batterer treatment strategies view battering as a social and political. According to this theory, battering is a pursuant(predicate) pattern of economic and sexual abuse. This approach therefore suggests that interventions to battering should address to root causes of battering. The feminist dodging in addition focuses on addressing the gender imbalances which are responsible for violent behavior (Dutton, 1998).Conclusion Developing batterer treatment programs within the society is quite challenging. However, there are fundamental factors that have effectively and efficiently contributed the treatment of batterers. Any approach to batterer treatment should be developed with adequate knowledge which is capable of achieving high standards of integrity. beginning: Davis, R. C. , Smith, B. E. , & Nickels, L. B. (1998). The deterrent effect of prosecuting domestic violence misdemeanors. Crime & Delinquency 4 4(3), 434-442. Dutton, D. G. (1998). The abusive record: Violence and control in intimate relationships.New York: The Guilford Press. Hanson, R. K. & Whitman, R. (1995). A rural, community action model for the treatment of abusive men. Canadian Journal of Community psychic Health 14(1), 49-59. Mederos, F. (1999). Batterer intervention programs: The past and future prospects. In M. F. Shepard & E. L. Pence, Coordinating community responses to domestic violence: Lessons from Duluth and beyond. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rusen, M. F. (1992). Silencing their screams: The legal system’s response to male battering of women. capital of Canada: National Association of Women and the Law.\r\n'

'Enzyme Reaction Rates Under Different Conditions\r'

'Enzyme Reaction Rates complicatestairs Different Conditions Introduction In this lab you depart observe how the drift of a reaction is changed as certain factors ar changed. You will observe how ever-changing factors like temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration changes the rate of an enzymatic reaction. In this experiment you will act as an enzyme by breaking toothpicks witch act as substrates. After observing the results of this experiment you will be able to determine what causes the fastest enzymatic reaction. Methods and MaterialsThe materials postulate for this lab are 240 toothpicks and a timing mechanism. To break you should divide your toothpicks into six piles of forty toothpicks. past you should break as many toothpicks as you rat in different time intervals. You should note the sum total of toothpicks blue at: 0,10,30,60,120, and 180 seconds. Then you should restate this process with other factors added in. (In the lab make up we jus t did a control table) Results For our results we took class averages of the different experiments. The class averages are shown in the graph.Graph 1. Class modal(a) Breakdown Discussion/ Conclusion After acting our tests we came to the following conclusions. Increase in enzyme concentration speeds up the enzymatic rate. The reason for this is when you increase the amount of enzymes (enzyme concentration) then you have more enzymes breaking substrates. Since there are more enzymes more substrates will be broken down than if you have less enzymes. Decrease of temperature leads to diminution of enzymatic rate. This is because when you decrease temperature, you decrease energy.Since energy is lessen the speed of the enzymatic rate goes down. Decrease in substrate concentration leads to decrease in enzymatic rate. When the number of substrates goes down the enzymatic rate goes down because since there is less substrate to break down. The far the pH is from 7 the slower the enzyma tic rate is. This is because ionic bonds (how substrate and enzyme bonds) work better when pH is 7. Through the test preformed I have erudite what factors contribute to the enzymatic rate and how they contribute to the enzymatic rate.\r\n'

'American Criminal Justice Systems and Functions\r'

' execrable jurist is the body of legislation, pr arrangeices and institutions used by the federal, severalize and local anesthetic governments to take hold societal enunciate by tyrannical plague and punishing those who violate the mass righteousnesss with condemnable penalties. In the past, the secernliness had their own ways in which they control conditionled behavior of idiosyncratics and groups so that social order would be achieved. more or less societies were controlled by norms, beliefs and values which ensured every man-to-man or group confirmed to the societal caste values. The indigenous societies sancti stard the members who did non conform to the societal values and norms.Type of sanction differed from decree to society. In roughly societies, those who violated societal values by loving in vile and deviant behavior, for instance, rape, the individual in most societies was perceived as bad announce and the sanction entangled communication from soc iety or burning the person into ashes. The sanctions encouraged conformity in the society (Cole, 1999). In the modern times, norms still control behavior in around societies by immigration and intercultural interactions nominate control the behavior control by with(predicate) norms.the States in particular is inhabited by masses from un wish nationalities and cultures and thitherfore becomes the ideal control turncock for crime. American Criminal jurist placements present a uniform frame that control behavior of individuals regardless of race, religion, culture or ethnic group and thusly assistant in maintaining social order in the American society. The Criminal justness policy in the United States has been guided by the 1967 president’s commission on law enforcement and administration of legal expert which issued initial report” the challenge of crime in a free society.” The commission advocated a â€Å" systems” glide slope to nefarious arbitrator. The President’s commission be culpable justice system as the centre for society to â€Å"enforce the standards of conduct necessary to value individuals and the community” (Cochranc, Melville and Marsh, 2004; Feinman, 1994) In America, the law enforcement agencies include constabulary prosecuting attorneys, speak tos, exoneration attorney and corrections which ar bear on with arrest, charging adjudication and punishment of those found guilty hence maintaining social order.In the ancient time, especially in the Middle Ages, parkland forms of punishments included exile, payment to victim in grounds of violent crimes, omit of payment attracted harsh penalties manage corporal punishment in form of mutilation, lash and roughlytimes execution. The present sad justice systems move to ensure fairness and justice. Past data sharpen that the society in US did not prise guard as law enforcers until 1920. s when the jurisprudence adopted new techn ology and placed idiom on community policing following urban unrest.Introduction of comp stat in 1990s, in the police departments has assisted the police to slice malefactors and the criminal justice system hold police responsible for dealing with crime problems. The interaction mingled with the police and the community through community policing has assisted in tracking criminals. Criminal law in America involves persecution of an individual by the government for committing an act that has been classify as a crime. Most crimes in the United States argon established by local render and federal government.In a criminal case, the severalise through a prosecutor initiates the law eccentric and the offender jailed authorized to pay a fine or both. In American evaluator System, crime may be classified as felony or misdemeanor. Felony includes serious offences similar rape and take out which attract one or more yr’s imprisonment. Misdemeanors include such crimes like p iddling theft which attract less than a course imprisonment as a way of correction. However, originally any act is considered crime, it has to be established by statute or common law (Walker, 1993).Scholars have contri excepted a lot in the American Criminal justice system. Scholars through providing courses in criminology and psychology assist in explaining why some individuals engage in criminal behavior and classify different types of crimes like organized crime, white-color crime and juvenile crime. Sociologists have fructify forward classical fight and positivist theories that explain why crime occurs and give remedies on how to flash back the crimes and control further c criminal cases in the society. In America, crime is defined, classified, graded prohibited and penal by the state.Criminal law in America is severalize from all other kinds of law be puddle it carries it the moral scourge of all society. All crimes atomic number 18 an injury against the society becaus e the society as a whole through its law-makerss has made of collective judgment that certain behaviors be harmful to the societal interests’ (Walker, 1993) In the recent past, there have been occurrences of violent crimes which have promoted the government to alteration and classify c criminal acts. American legislature has classified the crimes in different categories and they attract different punishments.Treason, sedition and espionage are crimes that are committed against the state. The crimes evince non-patriotism of the offenders and the government controls such crimes for the nurseion of natural security. Most offenders who are found guilty of the offence acquire heavy punishment, for instance, corporal punishment which may include execution depending on the intensity of the offence. Murder, manslaughter, rape, kidnapping, assault and electric battery are crimes that are committed against persons. These crimes too pass on under felony and the state ensures ther e is societal order and uniformity.The state punishes the offenders with the bearing of protect the persons against violence. Burglary, arson and in hearthstone invasion are classified as crimes against habitation with the aim of protecting the safety and security of one’s home. The crimes too are considered felony and must be discouraged to ensure harmony in the society (Cole, 1999; Parker, 2006; Cochranc, Melville and Marsh 2004). Theft, larceny, robbery, vandalism, forgery, extortion, fraud and embezzlement are classified as crimes against fittingty and are controlled to protect closed-door property. Protection of property ensures there is harmony and order in the society.Disorderly conduct vagrancy, incitement too riot, ride vehicle offences and alcohol and drugs are classified as crimes against unexclusive order and are controlled to protect unexclusive peace, order and safety. Resisting arrest, obstruction of justice, bribery, escape and contempt of philander a re classified as crimes against administration of justice by legislature and are controlled to preserve verity and efficiency of public administration. Prostitution, sodomy, obscenity, incest, indecent exposure, gambling alcohol and drugs are classified as crimes against public ethical motive and they area controlled to ensure tradition morality is maintained.This exit ensure that the society is morally upright. Bestiality and wildcat abuse are crimes against nature and the crime is correct to maintain public health. Pollution, fishing and hunting, smoking and toxic waste dumping in America are crimes against environment and the state regulate them to preserve public health and natural environment. All crimes in US are â€Å"owned’ by the state which does prosecution in its own name to maintain societal order and harmony. Police are the first sort out the offender encounter first in criminal justice system (Walker, 1993; Cole, 1999). The police do investigating and ar rest the offender.After the arrest the criminal is taken to solicit where justice is administered through butterfly ruling. A prosecutor who acts on behalf of state because makes accusation of the individual against the state in criminals’ proceedings. The offender through his/her attorney can justify his innocence before a jurist or control panel of adjudicate or jury. In America, plea bargaining is allowed where the accused is addicted reduced punishment when he pleads guilty. In some cases, the justice system in America like any other justice system is inclined(predicate) to bias discrimination which is a threat to objective decision.After the curt ruling the offender is turned to punitive authorities when found guilty (Walker, 1993; Cole, 1999). In America, prisons are meant to reform criminals hence viewed as the best correctional authority. In America, the offenders may be claimd some set amount of fine to be set free or in conjunction with imprisonment. In the recent past, probation has become common where the individual mobility is limited together with opportunity to commit a crime while in prison; the prisoners are equipped with various manual skills that will assist then to live a productive life afterwards prison.Also, there are other prisons where the prisoners are effrontery religious ethics to assist them reform positively. demise penalty in America is rarely administered as many activists have argued that it violates the human rights of the criminals. American court system is based on English statutes. In the court, four groups are involved in criminal case proceeding. These include the offender, prosecutor, judge or panel or judges or jury and the attorney. American legislature is responsible for enacting statutes, for ex vitamin Ale criminal law which govern conduct of individuals, groups or organization.American court system is governed by rules of procedure. The criminal cases in the court require special contribution sa feguards for the accused. In a criminal case, the party that brings a case is called the prosecutors and the person sued is called defendant. The American legal system allow defendant to be constituteed by a lawyer who should protect the interests of the person. If one cannot afford a lawyer, the state provides a lawyer. A jury in American court system listens to the evidence and determines the outcome based on substantive law as instructed by a judge.The judge in American court system acts as a reference by enforcing the rules and explaining the relevant law. Criminal court system in America is on top of the thirteen individual state judicial systems. The American record contains very exact about criminal law. Criminal law is the battle array of rules that identifies behavior that is condemned by the government with the aim of protecting the health and safety of American citizens and the state punishments with infringement of the set rules (Feinman 1994; Parker, 2006). Americ an criminal justice system is sometimes viewed to be unfair.Some cases of unfairness are echt especially when there is discrimination based on race, religion and ethnic group. However, some cases of unfairness are based on misconception or due to conflict of law criminal. Most criminal defendants are not incarcerated for their crimes, not because the state lack resources to finance imprisonment, but because their offences are not insufficiently serious to take to task imprisonment. Most crimes are directly related to lack of education, homelessness, mental illness, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, lack of proper parenting as opposed to evil motive.Therefore many judges, defense attorney and police officers are aware of the cause unless they are new in the calling. However, American criminal justice advocate for constitution follow-up (Cole, 1999; Cochranc, Melville and Marsh, 2004). adjudicate in criminal cases act universally in a conservative manner. This means that most jud ges will not risk political spend out or destruction of their professional career for the sake of safeguarding individual defendant’s rights. buttoned-up ruling usually involves following constitution and state statute. It may also be based on public policy over settled integral and statutory law (Walker, 1993).In the American criminal justice system, it has been noted that 90% of criminals plead guilty hence psychometric tests are rare. Prosecutors in the criminal justice system represent the state and not individuals together with the judges. exactly judges represent the state in a different capacity from the prosecutor. Defense attorney represent the defendant rights. Jury is known to represent the slew hence prosecutors prefer trial â€by judge while defense attorney prefer trial by †jury (Cole, 1999; Parker, 2006) In conclusion, American criminal justice system is controlled by the American constitution and differs in the various states.The system is mainly meant to maintain order in society. References Cochrane, J. , Melville, G. , & Marsh, I. (2004). Criminal nicety: An Introduction to Philosophies, Theories and Practice. London: Routledge. Retrieved November 29, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=108764949 Cole, D. (1999). Discrimination and Denial: Systemic racism in Ontarios Legal and Criminal Justice System, 1892-1961. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 428. Retrieved November 29, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001287719 Feinman, C. (1994). Women in the Criminal Justice System (3rd ed.). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Retrieved November 29, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=15255576 Parker, M. (2006). mineral pitch Justice: A Critique of the Criminal Justice System in America. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(3), 479+. Retrieved November 29, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia . com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5016038470 Walker, S. (1993). Taming the System: The make of Discretion in Criminal Justice, 1950-1990. New York: Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 29, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=97471694\r\n'

'Balanced Scorecard IKEA Essay\r'

'About the solelyiance\r\nIKEA is a Swedish company registered in the Netherlands that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances and family line accessories. As of January 2008, the company is the world’s largest furniture retailer. Founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17- grade-old Ingvar Kamprad, who was listed as one of the world’s richest heap in 2013, the company’s name is an acronym that consists of the initials of, Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and Agunnaryd (his platefultown in Småland, southern virtu anyy Sweden).\r\nThe company is known for its modern architectural designs for conglomerate types of appliances and furniture, and its interior design move around is often associated with eco-friendly simplicity. In addition, the firm is known for its attention to cost control, operable details, and continuous product phylogenesis, corporate attributes that al commencemented IKEA to lower its termss by an avera ge of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion.\r\nIKEA is be quiet to much much than just products. It is about broaden inspiration, abode furnishing knowledge, immature products and solutions slew asshole reach to. Al shipway at low damages. IKEA home furnishing gives wad access to affordable solutions that solve their needs and mend routine life at home. Simply put, IKEA home furnishing molds it possible to turn dreams into reality and get homes to f be living in.\r\nA finis of partialitys\r\nThe IKEA culture is hard to describe but easy to emb rush. It’s a culture of enthusiasm, unitedlyness and willpower, born from our roots in southern Sweden and inspired by the IKEA violate, Ingvar Kamprad. The IKEA culture meanly unites us in our bunk to create a f exclusively apart everyday life for the umpteen people. It’s not an easy task †and maybe that’s why we and whole other IKEA co-workers be so dedicated and so stubborn. We every shargon the selfsame(prenominal) conviction that legion(predicate), not few, sh entirely be able to create the home they want and dream of. And when you put your heart into your work, it’s then you re eachy nominate make a difference. Over 150,000 people argon manifold in the creation of a ameliorate everyday life for the many people. Business plans ”Maintaining a hale IKEA\r\nand expansion ideas atomic number 18 great motivators to work hard. just there is no culture is one of the most crucial\r\nsubstitute for the feeling of actually modify to something bigger. factors behind the continued\r\nsuccess of the IKEA belief”\r\nIngvar Kamprad\r\nIKEA founder\r\nThe IKEA values\r\nValues cannot be invented †they can besides emerge from one dress: the heart. IKEA values atomic number 18 very much a product of our origin. awkward work, tough challenges, common sense, Swedish roots and express resources ha ve formed IKEA values. To keep the IKEA fantasy successful, we work to keep our values close to our heart. The IKEA values stupefy the essence of the entire IKEA culture. Over the years we’ve knowledgeable that acting according to IKEA values not whole brings us together †no matter what age, race or part of the world we live in †it service of processs us do business successfully.\r\nThe IKEA product post\r\nDeveloping IKEA products can take place closely anywhere around the world †on a factory bag in Asia or on the d younging board in Älmhult, Sweden. And everybody involved whole kit and boodle together to create a product bleed that is simple, easy to live with and affordable. Good design should be available for the many, not the few. That’s why all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a manoeuvrectional need and a price. Then they call of goods and services their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost in the altoge ther materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes be purchased to push prices down even further.\r\nMost IKEA products ar similarly designed to be transported in politic packs and assembled at the customer’s home. This also lowers the price by minimizing transportation and storage cost. By doing all this, the IKEA imagination uses design to make sure that IKEA products can be bought and enjoyed by as many people as possible. IKEA designers constantly visualizek new ways to remediate people’s lives †without emptying their wallets. hardly how can good design and function be combined with good quality, all at a low price? It starts with focusing on what’s important. Will an expensive finish on the backbone of a shelf or under a table-top ameliorate the function? Of course not. So IKEA designers do not do it, because a product is of no use to the many people if it is not affordable. abject prices with meani ng\r\nLow prices are only of import if they offer good function, quality and design. IKEA product development teams constantly ask themselves †does this product contribute to a break dance everyday life? Does it have a good, sustainable design? Is the function and quality suited for everyday life? And most crucial †is the price low enough to make this product reachable to many, not just the few?\r\nTouch. Try. Explore. Dream!\r\nThe IKEA break in is our meeting place. It is where the IKEA product order comes to life. Visitors can equation styles and prices and get inspired by realistic dwell settings. They are welcome to sit, lie down, open and close drawers and cabinets, and pretend to cook, sleep or bewitch TV. The IKEA store is designed to meet many people looking for something for their homes. It’s also a place where you actually can go from inspiration to affair by getting inspiration from solutions in the store, searching, pictureing and choosing the products needed, picking them up, buying them, bringing them home, putting them together and enjoying them the same day. All the IKEA products in the store are supported by price and product selective information that makes it easy for visitors to serve themselves. Customer involvement contributes to low prices.\r\nAn invitation for the whole year\r\nWith hundreds of pages of ideas, inspiration, solutions and products, the IKEA catalogue shows how the IKEA product field contributes to a better everyday life. It is filled with solutions that consequence people’s dreams and needs, it is also complemented with digital theme that gives users a richer dwell and admits much in-depth home furnishing knowledge. Still, it shows only part of what is offered in IKEA stores.\r\nImprove and develop the IKEA image\r\nThe IKEA sentiment is a living conception. We develop and mend it together with IKEA retailers and other contributors. Together we work to nonplus in the foref ront of global trends and changes in retail. We beware to the needs based on real-life shop floor experience to get better insight into what the many people need in order to modify their life at home. All this helps us to match that the IKEA Concept remains successful in an dynamical world.\r\nWe constantly monitor how the IKEA Concept is implemented in every market to ensure it is creating the maximum impact. supervise helps us to understand the different challenges facing IKEA. This could range from market conditions to cultural factors affecting shopping behavior. by means of monitoring we can fall out ways to improve the IKEA Concept and how it meets the many people. IKEA retailers share their experiences, knowledge, innovation and ideas. This helps the IKEA Concept to be a living and dynamic concept that continuously develops and expands. The key is working together.\r\nOnline know-how, Publications, Training programmes\r\nWe offer an online resource for IKEA know-how t hat includes solutions, news, fostering programmes, publications and much more. We provide manuals and guidelines for all parts of the business and specific know-how areas. We also divulge a magazine for IKEA retailers filled with tips, tools and turn up solutions from all over the IKEA world. We offer a range of discipline programmes for many aspects of the business.\r\nMarket research\r\nWe conduct firm market research and provide IKEA retailers with reports and tools that help them improve their business. For specimen, we measure how well IKEA retailers have positioned the IKEA fault in each market and how satisfied customers are with their current store visit. We also conduct research that helps find ways to improve the IKEA product range, the IKEA catalogue and the IKEA website. And we touch and analyze insight into macro-economic factors and the competitive situation.\r\nThe IKEA Concept focus on\r\nWe believe in learning by doing. We put to work the IKEA Concept m arrow squash in Delft, the Netherlands, where shopping, learning, testing and livelihood all come together. The idea is to give IKEA retailers the dislodge to learn about the IKEA Concept and its recent updates and gather from all the competence of specialists in a hands-on environment. For most visitors, the main attraction of the IKEA Concept Center is the IKEA store. Like all IKEA stores in the world it offers shake up solutions, low prices, tasty food and shopping that is fun and enjoyable.\r\nThe IKEA Concept Center is also home to specialists who, in co-operation with the IKEA retailers, find and identify good ideas and solutions. New solutions are developed, text fileed and analyzed from a conceptual viewpoint. We provide systematic transfer of IKEA know-how. And communicate proven solutions to all IKEA retailers, so that each and every one can benefit from these in their business. Together, we work to keep the IKEA Concept successful. We offer more than 50 different tr aining programmes and workshops to IKEA managers and specialists at the IKEA College. In addition, many training programmes are offered locally or as elearning programs. Every year thousands of students are educated on how to use proven systems, methods and solutions to maximize the possibilities of the IKEA Concept.\r\nTesting\r\nJust as all IKEA products are tested to ensure quality and to find ways to improve, we are always interested in improving the living IKEA Concept. We test lots of new and innovative ideas at the IKEA Concept Center. These could be ideas suggested by IKEA retailers or ones that we come up with ourselves. When we find solutions that work well we make the part of the IKEA Concept and document and describe them so that all IKEA retailers benefit.\r\n2013 was exciting for IKEA sell\r\nIn a tough humor IKEA retailing continued to grow and expand. Retail sales stop at EUR 29.2 billion for the full year. The business humour in Europe continued to be challenge for IKEA retailers, while we see improvements in North America, Asia pacific and the Middle East. As many developed economies puree to balance economics and social well being, we see that uncertainties will continue to dictate the business climate for some time. This affects people’s lives and living conditions and thus we believe that the IKEA Concept is more needed than ever. The IKEA Concept gives everyone the possibility to improve their life at home IKEA products are becoming more accessible. This is about go a wide range of good home furnishing products at low prices. It is about providing more and better services. And it is about creating a positive shopping experience in IKEA stores and online. Nine new IKEA stores opened, two of which are in new markets: Lithuania and Qatar. There are also continued\r\nYou do your part.\r\nWe do our part.\r\nTogether we,\r\n scavenge money.\r\nimprovements in sustainability efforts in various aspects of the IKEA Concept. One ex ample is that by 2016, all the lighting sold at IKEA stores will be LED. The IKEA product range aims to help the many people live a more sustainable life at home, with solutions to help nevertheless energy, water and reduce waste.\r\nMost things remain to be done\r\nThe first IKEA business was founded in 1943 and the IKEA Brand celebrated 70 years during 2013. Today more than 150,000 co-workers are working through-out the IKEA world. We saw more than 770 one thousand million visits to the IKEA stores and 1.2 billion visits to IKEA websites in the past year. Still we are just at the beginning. IKEA retailing is small in most markets and does not exist in others. heap’s needs for good home furnishing products at low prices are bigger than ever and the IKEA Concept will continue to contribute to a better life at home for the many people. A July 2013 media report speculated that IKEA is the world’s largest consumer of wood by and by a finding that the company uses 1% o f the dry land’s wood supply. As of January 2014, IKEA owns and operates 349 stores in 43 countries.\r\nThe Balanced Scorecard\r\nValue proposition\r\nIKEA’s value proposition is operational excellence because all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a functional need and a price. Then they use their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost raw materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes are purchased to push prices down even further.\r\nMission teaching\r\nIKEA’s mission is to create a better everyday life for the many people, by pass a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. It’s about creating homes to love.\r\n lively success factors\r\nFinancial\r\n-grow and expand\r\n-increase sales\r\n-enhance customer value\r\n-improve cost structure\r\nCustomer\r\n-brand perspective\r\n-low cost product solutions\r\n-real life experience stores\r\n-rich meaning catalogs\r\nInternal Business Processes\r\n-minimizing storage and transportation costs\r\n-quality testing\r\n-product development\r\n-market research reports\r\nLearning and suppuration\r\n-culture of hearts\r\n†e-learning programmes, training programmes and workshops\r\n-sharing experience, ideas, innovations, knowledge and know-how -market research reports\r\n-IKEA college\r\n'