'Batterer Treatment Programs\r'

'Domestic force play and especially batter has been determine as a piddle of aggression in the order of magnitude for decades now. Even though, knock about has been categorized as a sorry by the criminal arbiter organization, its handling has been handled differently from other forms of aggression. Over the recent two decades, efforts read been applied to mouth the fuss of wife knock about.The develop handst of discourse curriculums has been rapid which has after increased batterer’s right to broadcastming. Battering is of necessity associated with family rage and the frequent societal violence.This means that the humankind of battering will continue unless the structures of power at heart the society is changed and thereby forbidding it. The change of the society alone is non enough to address the fuss of battering. In addition to this change, individual involved in battering practices must also change (Mederos, 1999). The manipulation of this report ca rd is because to examine how the batterers piece of ass be changed. In particular, it aims at providing effective give-and-take programs that sewer be applied to address the problem of battering.The paper examines the roles that vex been played by criminal justness in addressing battering problem and the existing interposition ne atomic number 18s that have been efficaciously applied to remedy this air. flagitious judge arrangement intervention to battering in that respect exist a number of criminal justice repartees to battering. However, battering has continued for years overdue to the disinclination of the victims to report much(prenominal) cases to law enforcement agencies. thither be a number of responses with regards to battering in the criminal justice realm which atomic number 18 triggered following reports of abuse.Arrest In the circumstance that it is proved beyond any average doubt that an ravish has been committed, then an arrest becomes authorisat ion. These mandatory arrests have significantly increased as reports of assault by victims of battering increase. However, many people have raised concerns about the effectiveness of arrests in lessen recidivism. It has been reported by certain research studies that arrests can only downgrade recidivism partly. This study has however been promise arguing that effects of arrests on recidivism is limited.The debate everywhere the effectiveness of arrests on recidivism will continue due to the lack of consensus on its impacts. In particular, the ineffectiveness of this approach has been witnessed in the slow prosecutions of batters, and thereby suggesting that these arrests argon non adequately accompanied by strong beliefs. Arrests without an efficient conviction do not deter future incidences of battering (Rusen, 1992). Prosecution The extremity of arrests should be followed subsequently with speedy prosecution after charges have been preferred against the batterer.In around cases, batterers may not be prosecuted but kind of issued with restraining instructions. However, the effectiveness of arrests and prosecutions in deterring the future occurrence of battering has been questioned by several researchers. Sufficient evidence has not been found to prove that prosecution of the offenders of battering reduces recidivism (Davis et al. , 1998). Sentencing Convicted batters ar commonly subjected to probations where they may be required to brook interference programs.It has been argued that it is impossible to distinguish the chances of recidivism with regards to cases which results to null prosecution, probation and incarceration. On the other hand, subjective battering to probation where they atomic number 18 subjected to intercession programs has been found to reduce recidivism. The criminal justice system has so been identified to be deficient in dealing with recidivism. There has been no significant birth between recidivism and the prospect of a rrests and punishment.This means that batters are not deterred from engaging in future battering by the possibility of being subjected to arrests and prosecution (Davis et al. , 1998). Approaches to batterers treatment programs There are several treatment programs available for batterers ranging from theoretic methods to forms of treatment. These programs include the Duluth approach and a program normally referred to as New Leaf. Against this introduction, several theoretical approaches are examined together with fundamental simulations necessary for the treatment of batterers.These programs have not been proven to decisively reduce recidivism. However, they form a strong basis for examining the appropriate treatment mechanisms. The Duluth Model This was a familiarity based response that was veritable in Minnesota and comprised of several batterer catching and prevention groups in spite of appearance the society. This approach performed a coordinative role to the law enforcem ent agencies responsible for arrests, prosecution and batterer treatment programs. The batterers were subjected to either imprisonment or probation under stiff guidelines.The activities of the batterer during this probation period were closely monitored. Such activities included aid to treatment programs. In addition, a close get to between the spouse of the batterer was maintained. In order to effectively respond to the problem of battering, prosecutorial agencies and the mental health institutions within the community closed tempted as a unit. pure(a) training was given to all the participants involved in the treatment process on batters under this model in order to equip them with adequate cognition to understand what was involved in their work (Mederos, 1999).Under the Duluth model, the work of the male team consorters is not trammel to interaction with the offenders of battering and their spouses. Part of their duty includes account statement for physical abuse by passi ng data to the relevant agencies. gibe to this model, scurrilous men usually use several obscure arguments to justify and legitimatize their behavior. Treatment programs involve a number of photograph clips and team dialogue with the intention of guiding the batterer in understanding the fundamental mythical beliefs regarding battering and thereby aid them in envisioning and defining non-abusive behaviors.The process of envisioning was accompanied with clear guidelines involving negotiations illustrating the basis of behavior in open relationships (Mederos, 1999). New Leaf program This program was developed to address the concerns of shelter women in Nova Scotia. The basis of this approach was that the shelter women needed help but the participation of shelter workers in this aid was discouraged. As a result of this concern, males in the community intervened with the offenders of battering. This program involved and open group discussions which were unionised weekly.The viewpo int of this program was that violence is womens liberationistic and a focal point of surmount. A thorough intake interview program was undertaken where the batterer was encouraged to change. The group leaders were in practiced control of the interview sessions and had an influential role in the lives of the batterers. The team leaders were constantly accessible to address the concerns of men and their spouses. Interventions included providing on-spot crisis resolution, visitation of offenders in prison, and unplanned visits to homes upon suspecting that there was danger of violence.However, these unannounced visits are not viewed as strange especially in the bucolic setting where it is the norm. This program had the advantage of intervening in high risk situations (Hanson & angstrom; Whitman, 1995). Theoretical approaches The general approach to the treatment of batterer can classified into psychological, feminist and socio-cultural. The traditional intervention mechanisms for batterers focused mainly on the influence of psychological factors on violence. The problem of battering has a psychological dimension as abusive men usually blame their partners for the problems they are experiencing such as depression.The depression can indeed lead them into substance abuse. Batterer treatment should therefore involve releasing models. The socio-cultural method assumes that the battering is influenced by learned behavior. According to this approach, battering is learned within the society as there are inequalities in wealth control as well as societal structures which are biased in defining gender roles and therefore encourages leniency to battering. Treatment should therefore emphasize on unlearning where the batterers are encouraged to view violence as an unacceptable behavior within the society.In addition, the involvement of men in battering has been found to be as a result of attitude towards women. Intervention mechanisms should therefore include efforts i n assisting batterers to change their attitudes. Feminist orientated batterer treatment strategies view battering as a social and political. According to this theory, battering is a pursuant(predicate) pattern of economic and sexual abuse. This approach therefore suggests that interventions to battering should address to root causes of battering. The feminist dodging in addition focuses on addressing the gender imbalances which are responsible for violent behavior (Dutton, 1998).Conclusion Developing batterer treatment programs within the society is quite challenging. However, there are fundamental factors that have effectively and efficiently contributed the treatment of batterers. Any approach to batterer treatment should be developed with adequate knowledge which is capable of achieving high standards of integrity. beginning: Davis, R. C. , Smith, B. E. , & Nickels, L. B. (1998). The deterrent effect of prosecuting domestic violence misdemeanors. Crime & Delinquency 4 4(3), 434-442. Dutton, D. G. (1998). The abusive record: Violence and control in intimate relationships.New York: The Guilford Press. Hanson, R. K. & Whitman, R. (1995). A rural, community action model for the treatment of abusive men. Canadian Journal of Community psychic Health 14(1), 49-59. Mederos, F. (1999). Batterer intervention programs: The past and future prospects. In M. F. Shepard & E. L. Pence, Coordinating community responses to domestic violence: Lessons from Duluth and beyond. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rusen, M. F. (1992). Silencing their screams: The legal system’s response to male battering of women. capital of Canada: National Association of Women and the Law.\r\n'