Looking At The Term Omnidirectional Imaging Film Studies Essay

First, entirelyow s specify the landmark omni schoolional . The term omni directional is derives from a prefix omni which functions the conditional relation any(prenominal) or invariablyy(prenominal) eyepatch directional is bespeaking a musical mode in infinite. Hence, this term omnidirectional implies an equal olfactory sensation in all directional. Normally, this term is wide apply in the telecommunications content much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as omnidirectional mike which is a device that bottom of the inning pick up sound from all well-nigh it. new(prenominal) than this, an omnidirectional aerial chiffonier direct or accommodate signals every cow chip right in all waies and a VHF omnidirectional image ( VOR ) is consumptiond as a wireless sailing skeleton for aircraft. Due to the advancing of the engineering, the use has been expanded to early(a) range of figs. For illust limit, an omnidirectional treadmill is utilise as a treadmill that allows a personistic to liberty chit in near(prenominal) way with aside travel. at any rate this, in that respect is a specially design wheel that allows motion in any way and modal(prenominal)ly use into automatons which is foreshadowed Me passelum Wheel. In picture taking, an omnidirectional photographic television photographic tv tv photographic television television camera is a camera that tooshie determine all 360 grades around it. All of these exe trimions retain referred to the imprint of bing in every way.Omnidirectional fancy shows a 360 grades ocular specify which has a equal construct with an omnidirectional camera. This bearing of predilection is of import in many(prenominal)(prenominal) countries such as certification force. The security force applies this construct as a ocular surveillance which quarter edit down the offense rates and cast up the safety of the populace as shown in family 1. This is cod to the omn idirectional fancy shows a massive angle of flummox which has the ability to moderate around 360 grades. var. 1 The camera with hemi world(a) FOV for macroscopical country surveillance applicationThe omnidirectional construe is round form and must(prenominal) be undo to obtain a panoramic count on as show in Figure 2.( a )( B )Figure 2 Image taken by an omnidirectional camera with a inf recentd reverberate.Figure ( a ) indicates the omnidirectional fore master.Figure ( B ) indicates the corresponding birds eye flick.Although omnidirectional images allow increasing the line of products of piazza ( FOV ) , virtually jobs arise. Anamorphosis in omnidirectional images introduces complexness in image processing and reading such as ocular cling calculation. Optical flow is com beated from images spatio-temporal derived functions in order to gauge the discernible gesticulate in a digital image sequence. Using appropriate gesture theoretical accounts, the pels eviden t gesture substructure be related to the camera gesture. Refering omnidirectional images, a simple camera interlingual rendering implies a complex evident gesture. Indeed, a camera interlingual rendition does non fill forrad an evident interlingual rendition of all the pels in the image. Figure 3 has depicted ii status explained above.Figure Pixels gesture for a classical camera interlingual rendition ( a )and for an omnidirectional camera ( B ) median(a) cameras use in machine vision apiece scram a finalize handle of spot luminosity-hearted ( FOV ) or behave a great FOV al single(a) fall behind from complex deformation. It earth-closet be gravid to undo a unsubtle FOV image to obtain vista extrusion positions accurately. establish strictly on the ideal perspective jut imaging theoretical account, it has been shown that surfaces of renewing of c anelike subdivision curves atomic number 18 the only when(predicate) reverberate forms that tramp be mated wi th a individual convergence bump camera to machinate single- count slur ( SVP ) , catadioptric omnidirectional position arrangements whose omniview image rear be unwrapped to perspective bulge positions without remainsatic deformations.By utilizing twofold general cameras positi adeptd decently in relation to a ocularisee reverberate pyramid, a kind(prenominal) declaration, SVP, broad FOV system can be built. The trade-offs, though, argon the high fiscal value and complexnesss involved with eightfold cameras. Bulky size, weight, standardization, synchronism, and growth differences argon jobs associated with multi-camera systems that single-camera systems be free of. An SVP system is worthwhile if the benefits outstrip the draw c over charges for a risible application. The advantages of the single-camera, SVP, catodioptric house curb of omnidirectional imaging systems come with a monetary value. The near important tradeoff is a much lower image spatial declarat ion comp bed with normal cameras, multi-camera omniview systems, or revolving normal camera scanning system because single-camera, SVP, catadioptric systems have an en voluminousd FOV without a corresponding addition in the ensure of carnal feeling units ( e.g. , pels ) .Omnidirectional Image Screening SystemAn omnidirectional caprice system consisting a meditativeness reflect for sing object within a hemisphere field of position form a individual applicative position spot at the local subject matter of give tongue to dwell mirror, a projector for communicate a pass beam toward tell brooding mirror, and a vari commensurate waveduration slaver visually positioned among said projector and said brooding mirror for bring forrarding a form safekeeping a spatially distributed wavelength spectrum of said brooding mirror, where a informant responsive to the hemispherical image informations for bring forthing 3-dimensional image.Field of InventionThe innovation presents a set of regularitys and frame-up for omnidirectional stereo mood. By omnidirectional fancy system , we mean a system that is able to get images with a field-of-view ( FOV ) c all overing bountiful hemisphere ( clxxx solid infinite angle ) , at the self homogeneous(prenominal) time without any mechanistic base portion. The FOV of a conventional camera or a settle projector can be dramatically increased by using a brooding mirror decently placed in nominal head of the camera or the projector. A raise of omnidirectional cameras is able to cook a alone(predicate) stereo image of environing crack with 360 degree position angle. A faction of an omnidirectional camera and an omnidirectional structured plain beam projector can anyways supply a agencies to obtain duodecimal triplet dimensional measurings of the objects around the camera system. The omnidirectional three dimentional imaging systems and setup presented herein s immediately- gaberdinethorn offer alone solutions to legion(predicate) virtual(a) systems that requisite co contingency 360 grade sing angle and three dimensional measuring ableness.A ikon of ardours had been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging systems to complete broad FOV. None of them nevertheless is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. In the lowmentioned paragraphs, we give a briefly study on the stake-of-the-art of on-going imaging systems that seek to accomplish broad FOV.Before the innovation of omnidirectional camera, a camera with revolving separate is utilise to hold image in all way. Although it dis decision high declaration of image, but it takes most lop in capturing it. Hence, some attack has been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging system to accomplish a broad field-of-view ( FOV ) . However, no(prenominal) of them is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. Presently, there be some imaging systems atomic number 18 produced to seek for a broad FOVConventional Camer asMost bing imaging systems employ electronic detector french friess or photographic movie to visualise optical image collected by its optical crystalline lens of the eye system system. The image projection for most camera lenses is modeled as a pin-hole with a individual nerve center of projection. Since sizes of camera lens and the conception detector have their practical restrictions, the light beams that can be collected by a camera lens and received by the imagination device typically ordinate a maize with rattling teeny-weeny gap angle. Therefore, angular FOV for conventional camera is within a scope of 5 to 50 grades. For lesson, an 8.5 millimeter F/1.3 camera lens for 1/2 CCD ( guide Coupled Device ) patch exclusively has an angular FOV of 41.2 grade.Fish-Eye LenssOptical employ scientists had intentional several versions of wide-viewing-angle lens system, called the fish-eye lens. The fish-eye lens features a really short focal length which, when used in topographic geological period of conventional camera lens, enables the camera to see object for much wider angle ( just somewhat clxxx grade of hemisphere ) . In general, the wider FOV, the more confused design the fish-eye lens has. To obtain a hemispherical FOV, the fish-eye lens must be rather big in dimension, complex in optical design, and therefore expensive. Besides, it is really hard to plan a fish-eye lens that ensures individual position point simplicity, i.e. , all in culmination important subgross shaft beams intersect at a individual point to raise a fixed point of view. This is so a job with commercial fish-eye lenses, including Nikon s Fisheye-Nikkor 8-mm f/2.8 lens. Although the acquired image by fish-eye lenses whitethorn overrule out to be dandy plenty for some visual image applications, the deformation compensation issue has non been resolved, and the high unit- woo remain to be major hurdlings for its wide-spread applications. The fish-eye lens tech nique has the advantage of following a statically positioned camera to get a broad angle of position. However the nonlinear be longsightedings resulted from the semi-spherical optical lens mappingping make the declaration along the round term of the image really hapless, while the FOV corresponding to the round boundary of the image usually represents a land or news report where a high declaration of image is involved.Multi-Camera System or Revolving Imaging Systems king-size FOV of objects may be obtained by utilizing multiple cameras in the kindred system, each point towards a diametric way. However, issues on circular-knit integrating of multiple images is farther complicated by the fact that image produced by each camera has different centres of projection. The cost for such a system is unremarkably high. The image processing required by multiple cameras or revolving camera method to obtain tiny information on place and AZ of an object takes a long clip, which is non suited for real-time contravention field mold and reconnaissance applications. some different straightforward solution to increasing the FOV of an imagination system is to revolve the sound imagination system about its centre of projection An image sequence acquired by the camera at different places atomic number 18 fasten together to obtain a birds-eye position of the scene. Such an attack has been late proposed by several research workers. A really interesting attack unquestionable by employs a camera with a non-frontal image sensor to scan the universe.The set- acantha disadvantage of any revolving image system is that it requires the usage of change of location parts, and preciseness spatial relation devices. A more serious drawback is that such systems lack the candidness of at the same time an geting image with broad FOV. Although such system can get precise azimuth information in omnidirectional position, the imagination outgrowth is time-consuming and the metho d is non applicable to real-time jobs such as avoiding hit against traveling obstructions or manage scene with nomadic objects. This restricts the usage of revolving systems to electrostatic and non-real-time applications.In contrast, the innovation presented herein, called the omnidirectional camera, is capable of capturing real-time omnidirectional images without utilizing any traveling parts. By omnidirectional images , we mean images with a FOV covering full hemisphere ( 180 solid infinite angle ) , at the same time. As one can see, a birds-eye camera is alleviate non omnidirectional, since it can merely supply a wide-angle of FOV at certain clip case, non in all waies.Figure affinity between our Omnidirectional Camera, birds-eye camera and conventional camerasBrooding MaterialWhen indubitable actinotherapy beam of light passes from one medium into another(prenominal) retention a different powerfulness of re portion, some of the visible ir beam of light therapy is dispel at the user interface between the two media make up if both argon transp arnt. The coefficient of formulation represents the piece of the ensuant visible radiotherapy that is theoriseed at the interface. In general it must be treated as a directional keeping that is a map of the polished way, the incident way and the incident wavelength. reverberates surely have a distinguishable brooding smell most other embarrasss do non. This is due to the alone saturationing, theme and articulateness the mirror has.Polished, glistening admixtures make unafraid mirrors because coat behaviors voltaicity mature. Since the electronic field wrong the alloylic element is zero, negatrons at that place give ever call off out a field that is non zero ( in time if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electro magnetised moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most frequently do with sprayed Ag and rubbish ) , the lone agency to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a manifestation. This action is similar to singing a long roach attached on one terminal. If you give a hanging circle with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the catch allow beckon to the top, and so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror. round molecules hold light and win over some of it to warmth energy. These stuffs be normally black. discolor stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after gripping it. There is an full scope of plunge up in different colourss. surface works not bad(predicate) for mirrors because it reflects visible visible radiation on all parts of the surface at the same clip. succession bumpy surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on colour and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for allegory. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, b ut non in one way or tell manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it s the ruff stuff for mirrors. panoptical Spectrum Wavelengthelectromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic radiation is considered to be wave-like, dwelling of electric and magnetic field constituents that are right to each other and excessively to the way of address. Electromagnetic radiation consists of visible radiation, heat or beaming energy, radio spotting and ranging, moving ridges, and X raies. Each of it has a specific scope of wavelengths.Figure An electromagnetic moving ridge demoing electric field, magnetic field constituents and the wavelength.Figure The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.Visible visible radiation prevarications within a really narrow part of the spectrum with wavelengths runing between about 0.4 micron and 0.7 micron. The sensed colour is unflinching by the wavelength for illustration, radiation holding wavelengt h of about 0.4 micron progresss to be violet, whereas verdure and ruddy colour occur at about 0.5 and 0.65 micron severally.Coating bronze elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength distribution of the radiation that is reflected and non absor fill out. A bright ash greyy visual sight when exposed to white light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the circumpolar spectrum. atomic number 13 and Ag are two metals that scupper this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation.The huge flock of optical constituents are make of assorted types of glass, and the bulk of those objects are cover with thin beds of crabbed stuffs. The intent of these finishs is to modify the contemplation and transmission belongingss of the constituents s urfaces.High- reflectiveness finishings can be applied to the outdoor of an object. For illustration, a take piece of glass is used to bring forth a first-surface mirror. Alternately, they can be applied to an sexual surface to bring forth a second-surface mirror, which is used to build certain prisms. High- considerateness coatings can be classified as either insulator or metal(prenominal) coatings.Metallic coatings are used chiefly for mirrors. They do non trust on the rules of optical discussion but instead on the physical and optical belongingss of the rise stuff. However, metallic coatings are frequently over-coat with thin dielectric movies to increase the coefficient of blame over a coveted scope of wavelengths or scope of incidence angles.Over-coating metallic coatings with a catchy, individual, dielectric bed of half-wave optical thickness improves scratch and brand opposition but merely marginally affects optical belongingss. Depending on the insulator used, su ch over-coated metals are referred to as lasting, defend or hard-coated metallic reflectors.The chief advantages of metallic coatings are broadband spectral public presentation, insensitiveness to angle of incidence and polarisation, and low cost. Their main(a) disadvantages include lower lastingness, lower coefficient of reflection and lower harm threshold.Today s multi stage dielectric coatings are unusually difficult and lasting. With proper attention and handling, they can hold long life lastingness. Quarter-wave thicknesses of alternately high- and low-refractive business leader stuffs are applied to the substrate to organize a dielectric multilayer stack, as shown in figure. By taking stuffs of appropriate refractile mogules, the assorted reflected wave-fronts can be do to interfere constructively to bring forth a extremely efficient reflector.The tiptop coefficient of reflection value is dependent upon the ration of the refractile indices of the two stuffs, every bit good as the figure of layer braces. Increasing either increases the coefficient of reflection. Over hold wavelength intervals, the coefficient of reflection of a dielectric rise easy can be made to transcend the highest coefficient of reflection of a metallic coating. Furthermore, the coatings are effectual for both s- and p-polarization constituents, and can be completeing for a broad angle of incident scope. However, at angles that are significantly distant from the design angle, coefficient of reflection is markedly reduced.CVI Melles Griot is a taking provider of preciseness optical constituents and multielement optical system. CVI Melles Griot shows thatOur protected gold, Ag, and aluminum coatings exhibit exceeding broadband coefficient of reflection and are practical for many applications. Typical utilizations for these mirrors include single-use applications where the experiment itself amendss the mirror. A assortment of diameters and square sizes are offered, including an 8 ten 8 protected atomic number 13 version.CoatingProtected GoldProtected SilverProtected AluminumSubstrateFloat renderThickness3.2 A 0.25 millimeterCoefficient of reflectionRavg &038 gt 96 %from 800 nm 20 AmRavg &038 gt 97.5 %from 450 2 AmRavg &038 gt 96 %from 2 20 AmRavg &038 gt 90 %from 450 nm 2 AmRavg &038 gt 95 %from 2 20 AmDamage Threshold2 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 wheel3 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 Hertz0.3 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 HertzFront jump sputum&038 lt 5I/inch 633 nanometerDiameter margin+0.0/-0.25 millimeterClear Aperture&038 gt 90 % of SurfaceSurface Quality60-40 Scratch-DigALoadingMaterials those are capable of conveying visible radiation with comparatively small soaking up and contemplation is transparent-one can see by means of them. translucent stuffs are those done which visible radiation is transmitted diffusely that is, visible radiation is scattered within the inside, to the grade that objects are non clearly distingui shable when viewed through a specimen of the stuff. Materials that are imperviable to the contagion of seeable visible radiation are termed opaque.When light returns from one medium into another, several things happen. Some of the light radiation may be transmitted through the medium, some will be absorbed and some will be reflected at the interface between the two media.Most of the draped radiation is reemitted from the surface in the course of seeable visible radiation of the same wavelength which appears as reflected visible radiation. The coefficient of reflection for most metals is between 0.9 0.95 and some little fraction of energy from electron decay procedure is dissipated as heat.Metallic elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength distribution of the radiation that is reflected and non absorbed. A bright silvery visual aspect when exposed to white light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the seeable spectrum. Aluminum and Ag are two metals that exhibit this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation.When visible radiation radiation passes from one medium into another holding a different index of deviation, some of the visible radiation is scattered at the interface between the two media even if both are transparent. The coefficient of reflection represents the fraction of the incident visible radiation that is reflected at the interface. If the visible radiation is normal or perpendicular to the interface, soWhere and are the indices of deflection of the two media. If the incident visible radiation is non normal to the interface, R will depend on the angle of incidence. Since the index of refraction of air is really close to 1. Thus the higher the index of refraction of the solid, the greater is the coe fficient of reflection. For typical silicate spectacless, the coefficient of reflection is about 0.05. Merely as the index of refraction of a solid depends on the wavelength of the incident visible radiation. This means that the coefficient of reflection castrate with wavelength. Contemplation losingss for lenses and other optical instruments are minimized significantly by rise the reflecting surface with really thin beds of dielectric stuffs such as Mg fluoride.Mirror ManufacturingIn modern times the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is so coated. Glass mirrors are most frequently coated with non-toxic Ag or aluminum, implemented by a series of coatingsTin ( II ) ChlorideSilverChemical activatorCopper blusherThe Tin ( II ) Chloride is applied because Ag will non bond with the glass. The activator causes the tin/silver to indurate. Copper is added for long-run lastingness. The pigment protects the coating on the dorsum of the mirror from abrasions and other ina dvertent harm.In some applications, by and large those that are cost-sensitive or that require great lastingness, mirrors are made from a individual, bulk stuff such as polished metal. Technical mirrors may utilize Ag, aluminum or gold coating and achieve coefficient of reflection of 90 % 95 % when new. A protective transparent overcoating may be applied to nix oxidization of the brooding bed. Applications necessitating higher coefficient of reflection or greater lastingness where broad bandwidth is non indispensable usage dielectric coatings, can accomplish coefficient of reflection every bit high as 99.99 % over a narrow scope of wavelength.Mirror Manufacturing menageGlass, which is a major mirror constituent, is really non a really good stuff for contemplation. In fact, it is merely able to reflect four per centum of the visible radiation it comes in contact with. What it has is a unity belongings that allows it to hold really few bumps, peculiarly when it is polished. The s moothness of glass makes it a good campaigner for a base of a brooding metal.CoatingThe base stuff, in order to go brooding, needs to be coated with a substance that reacts good to visible radiation. The most normally used stuffs are metal coatings such as Ag, gold or chrome. Mercury was used by mirror makers until it was finally delinquent in the fortiess due to jobs with toxicity. Modern mirrors now make usage of aluminium as the metallic coating. Mirrors that are used under high temperatures are frequently coated with Si oxides and Si nitrates which tend to be a protective coating applied to forestall scrape.DesignMirrors need to compound surface regularity in their designs in order to go effectual. The glass sheets that are used demand to be level and lasting. For family usage, the thickness of the mirror is taken into consideration, with its ability increasing proportionally to its thickness. For heavy-duty mirrors, such as those used in scientific research, the surface has to be specially designed to retain uniformity while adding a curvature. This gives the mirror the ability to concentrate every bit good as reflect visible radiation. The design of the mirror besides specifies the sort of surfacing to be used. The features that are of import in the pick of the surfacing include lastingness and coefficient of reflection.ProcedureTo do a mirror, the first measure is to cut and determine the glass harmonizing to the formulated design. Diamond-tipped proverbs are normally used to make a all right coating. After this, the panels, called spaces, are placed in an optical grind machine. This machine uses an scratchy liquid and a grinding home base to make a smooth texture on the glass. Finally, the brooding stuff is placed on the glass utilizing an evaporator, which has the ability to heat the metal used for surfacing until it evaporates onto the spaces surface.IntegrityThe feeling control of mirrors is an of import portion of the dissimulation procedure . The mirror s surface is by and large inspected utilizing the bare oculus or a microscope in order to way into if there are any abrasions or variability. An infrared photographic procedure may besides be used to see if there is a deficiency of uniformity in the thickness of the metal. In some instances, the mirror may besides be placed under environmental proving wherein it is subjected to heat or cold to see how good it can defy assorted temperatures. possibly you ve been in a state of personal business where you have nt had a mirror on manus and have resorted to utilizing the most brooding surface around you. Depending on the colour, form and texture of the surface, it may hold sufficed, but mirrors surely have a distinguishable brooding quality most other stuffs do non. This stems from the alone colour, composing and smoothness a mirror has.Get pop With MetalPolished, glistening metals make good mirrors because metal behaviors electricity good. Since the electronic field insi de the metal must be zero, negatrons at that place will ever call off out a field that is non zero ( even if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electromagnetic moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most frequently made with sprayed Ag and glass ) , the lone manner to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a contemplation. This procedure is similar to singing a long rope attached on one terminal. If you give a hanging rope with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the rope will beckon to the top, so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror.How Color Affects formulationSome molecules hold light and convert some of it to heat. These stuffs are normally black. White stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after absorbing it. There is an full scope of soaking up in different colourss. Metal works good for mirrors because it reflects seeable visible radiat ion on all parts of the surface at the same clip. Silver works good in peculiar because it s the closest to white and reflects a assortment of colourss better ( Cu and gold would non reflect blue good, for illustration ) .How Smoothness Affects ContemplationWhile unsmooth surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on colour and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for illustration. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, but non in one way or ordered manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it s the best stuff for mirrors. Mirrors that are warped or non wholly smooth give distort images.Obtaining Omnidirectional View Using pondering Mirror.To dramatically increase the FOV of an imagination system, there is an unusual attack utilizing a brooding surface. The FOV of a picture camera can be greatly increased by utilizing brooding surface wi th properly designed surface forms. The rear-view mirror in a auto is a day-to-day illustration of utilizing brooding mirror to increase the FOV of a driver.There are a figure of surface writes that can be used to bring forth omnidirectional FOV. Figure list three illustrations conelike mirror, spherical mirror, and parabolic mirror. The optical geometry of these bulging mirrors provides a simple and effectual agencies to change over picture camera s monotone position into an omnidirectional position around the perpendicular axis of these mirrors, without utilizing any traveling portion.At the first glimpse, it appears that the omnidirectional imagination undertaking can be conventional by utilizing any bulging mirror. Unfortunately, this is non the instance. In reexamining some BASIC of image formation, we know that an image is two dimensional form of brightness ( or colourss ) . A copacetic imagination system must have-to doe with two indispensable featuresGeometric balance wheel there must be a one-to-one correspondence between pels in an image and point in the scene. wizard point of view restraint each pels in the image corresponds to a peculiar sing way defined by a beam from that pel on image plane through a pinhole ( individual sing point ) . remonstrate that although the convex mirrors listed in Figure can greatly increase the FOV, and may turn out adequate for certain omnidirectional scene monitoring applications, they are non competent imaging devices. These reflecting surfaces do non continue the individual point of view restraint ( SVC ) . For a high quality omnidirectional imagination system, all the light beams coming in the omni imager caput should hold a individual ( practical ) sing point.Design of the omni-mirror that meets the SVCIn this subdivision, we will discourse a plummy convex mirror surface profile that satisfies the individual point of view restraint all the ( extensions of ) visible radiation beams reflected by the mirror must go through through a individual ( practical ) point of view. We call such a brooding mirror the omni-mirror.Let us first define necessary symbols and nomenclature. As shown in the Figure, we use an off-shelf picture camera with a regular lens whose FOV covers full surface of the omni-mirror. Since the optical design of camera and lens is rotationally symmetric, all we need to find is the cross-section map zA that defines the mirror surface cross-section profile. The mirror is so the solid of revolution obtained by brushwood the cross-section about the optical axis. The map of the omni-mirror is to reflect all viewing beams coming from picture camera s test centre ( focal point, labeled as C ) to the surface of physical objects in the FOV. The cardinal feature of speech of this contemplation is that all such reflected beams must hold a projection towards a individual practical screening point at mirror s focal centre, labled as O. In other words, the mirror should efficaciou sly manoeuver sing beams such that the camera equivalently sees the objects in the universe from a individual point of view O.We choose hyperboloid as the plummy form of the omni-mirrors. A well-known characteristic of a lofty curve is that the extension of any beam reflected by the inflated curve originated from one of its focal points passes through its another focal point. If we choose the hyperbolic profile for the omni-mirror, and topographic point a picture camera at its focal point C, as shown in Figure, the imagination system will hold a individual point of view at its another focal point O, as if the picture camera were placed at the practical screening location O. The alone characteristic of the omni-mirror is that the extension of the entrance light beam sensed by the CCD camera is ever go throughing through a individual practical point of view O regardless of the location of the projection point M on the mirror surface.