Social policy approaches associated with need, risk and rights Essay

kind policy approaches associated with need, risk and rights - Essay ExampleThe CYF operates under the Public Finance influence 1989 succession its responsibilities ar formed under other related legislation. The CYF was formed in 1999 to protect the rights of small fryren and to improve outcomes for children and spring chicken at risk. It ensures the delivery of efficient social services along with assisting and supporting the children at risk. It is responsible for ensuring safety to children and schoolgirlish people who have been harmed or offended or atomic number 18 at the risk of being harmed. They do this by the provision of specialist and rehabilitative services. Child, Youth and Family Services help to improve the wellbeing of au naturel(p) and exposed children. It to a fault haves for young people exposed to similar risks. Child, Youth and Family services functional either in association with other divisions or alone funds a number of community-based services. C YF has agreements with a range of Maori, Pacific and community service providers. The department of Child, Youth and Family Services helps the Government to fight child abuse especially for children present in foster care or orphan children who are adopted. The department provides adoption services and keeps a regular check on the foster care and the homes where the adopted children are present. The department works to provide information and education to such children in order promote domain awareness of child abuse and degree of neglect in them so that they can differentiate surrounded by love and abuse. Along with education, the department puts emphasis on legal care and protection and provides youth umpire services children and young people and their families. It helps in development and funding of the required community services for the children and youth at risk. It gives policy advice and services to the Minister of Social Development and Employment and the Government. The Departments social work is based mainly on the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families behave 1989 some of the most far-sighted and innovative legislation. This flake emphasizes the role and responsibilities of families and communities and provides for family decision-making through legal processes known as the family group conferences. The department of Child, Youth and Family Services also works under the legislations of the Adoption Act 1955, Adult Adoption Information Act 1085, Adoption (Intercountry) Act 1997, Guardianship Act 1968 and The Social Worker Registration Act 2003. The Social Worker Registration Act 2003 was introduced and passed into law on 9 April 2003. The main purpose of the Act is to improve the efficiency of social work in New Zealand. A social worker who wants to become registered under the Act, is required to have cleverness of social work, and needs to pass social work competency assessment. The Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989 bel ieves and operates on the belief that the primary role in providing care and protecting a child or young soul is the responsibility of the childs or young persons family, Whanau, hapu, iwi and family group. It is only when the children are not safe or are at risk of being harmed or offended then tally to the principles of the act the children should be placed in family like settings where they develop a sense of belonging while their personal and cultural identity are maintained. When the children are given for adoption, the department of Children, Youth and Family services pick out families who are

Argumentive Essay...on means of elevation by martin delaney Essay

Argumentive ...on means of elevation by martin delaney - strive ExampleThe societal practices which subjugate the blacks can never be the means of elevation and be construed as part of the eudaemonia state that respects the essential dignity of the individual. I agree with the issues enunciated in the term and would like to put forth my arguments thusHu human racekind has access to the lore of religious literature, the relentless sermons on morality in religious palaces, lectures and symposiums on moral emancipation of the free colored people. Scores of good enactments to safeguard the rights of the blacks are passed and yet what are the ground realities? All this remains on paper. The reformation and welfare measures are pursued half-heartedly. The religion can preach, except as for effecting economic transformation and raise the commonplace of living and standard of life it has done little. It can fill the mind with noble thoughts for a while, but it cannot fill the hungry sto machs. Until now, religion as it is practiced today, has not provided any hopes to the blacks to reach the level of whites in any segment of life.In a democracy politics dominates every aspect of life of a citizen. A good political system builds a human being the bad one breaks. however a good political system can only go the extent of laying downwardly noble societal principles. Its actual implementation as for its day to day disposition will squander to be taken care of by the concerned individuals and the regulating authorities. It is easy for the white man to work up progress for individual advancement, but the black encounters obstacles at every stage. The prevailing system is designed thus. In every vocation, the white man is in an advantageous position, and the black man is at the receiving end. The white man controls production and the black man is a helpless consumer, and he has to buy on the terms and conditions stripe out by the white man. He has no options to challe nge the craftiness and the salesmanship of

Sex and the Sickbed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

shake and the Sickbed - Essay ExampleDeath is angiotensin-converting enzyme such feeling that is not easily dealt by individuals to a lower place differential circumstances. The story Sex and the Sickbed withal mentions the same ideology of a partner losing out to anothers sexual needs and therefore dying prematurely. This is a very unfortunate act which has happened for all the prostitute reasons, as far as the story is concerned. The story is therefore a depiction of how a person meets the most significant challenges of his tone. This has been utter within the story itself where Jennifer had to undergo pain because Neil had died and thus she had lost her as a partner. What Jennifer missed virtually Neil the most was that they would not be able to enjoy their sex life in the future which was a source of happiness for both of them. However, this will not suffice in the coming time as oddment has prevailed for the couple and they have parted ways through natural means. The case with human life is no different. One of the most disadvantageous aspects of human life is that it has to come to an end unexpectedly. This has been proven with the approaching of time as people die every now and then, and hence their lives finish with others having dear hopes from them. on that point is a dire need to find out how these challenges can be addressed with the changing times (Rosenthal, 2009, 61). This is because the challenges change and hence the requirements alter as wellspring. However, death is one significant mark that leaves a destiny to be desired of as far as the human disposition is concerned. One must pervade the true meaning of death before commenting on it, and more(prenominal) so within the story of Sex and the Sickbed. The story gives a very true picture of how Jennifer would have to deal with Neils untimely death and what the consequences would be in the long range scheme of things. Neil left an indelible mark on the brain of Jennifer who is unable to deal with it and thinks of the sex life that they shared. With this, one easily understands how complicated it is to make-do with lifes wide-ranging complexes and challenges that come about every now and then. Prioritizing them as the most important amongst the several ones is an arduous task, and more so when the discussion is centered on the story Sex and the Sickbed. This is because for Jennifer, Neils death is something that comes out as a serious and grave problem which shall remain with her entirety until the time she is alive. Not only is she wanting(p) Neil, she would have to miss the sex life that they shared as well. These are distressing times for Jennifer and she must come to terms with the same, the sooner the better for her own self (Author Unknown, 2007). The challenges keep on becoming large as the responsibility increases upon ones own self. However, there are different implications for the people under varied circumstances as has been proven true in th e story Sex and the Sickbed itself. Thus what is unavoidable now is a perceptual change in understanding that things need to be comprehended well before they are seen as being difficult or complex in entirety. This will act upon a number of issues and concerns which have been coming on to the horizon, and more so within the lives of the people in the times much like today. In the end, it would be sound to state that the story hits the nail on the head. This is because people feel that the most complex problems could be ascertained if only the gravity of the quagmire is instal out. This takes place through an understanding about the features which hurt the most and which shall create uproar for all the wrong reasons. The story is also judgmental as far as comprehending how the problems could be tackled, if and only if there is a collective understanding to bring about resolutions for the sake of sanctity in this world. All

Sixth Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ordinal Amendment - Essay Exampleal differences and that each system has its own strengths that draw and quarter them superior to each separate in particular, American proceedings are superior to the Chinese system, because it allows the masses to hear and to influence cases and it is little open to corruption, although the Chinese proceedings do have the advantage of expertise analysis.Cultural differences impact how the vile justice system is perceived and executed. Western courts, like the American courts, believe that justice is for the victim the exclusive has rights that the state must defend and protect (Deflem & Swygart, 2001). As a result, the American proceedings use venire trials to ensure that a group of individuals protect their fellow individuals civil rights. The Chinese culpable system, on the contrary, is a communist system and it believes that the criminal justice system should serve the interests of the state (Deflem & Swygart, 2001). It has no jury trials, unlike the American system, and it uses a panel of judge (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p.131). The Chinese system also emphasizes the exculpation of the defendant than the testimony of the witnesses (Dammer & Albanese, 2011, p.131).This essay believes that there is no superior court system, since people have pagan differences that would make them prefer one system to another however, the American and Chinese court procedures have advantages that make them superior to each other. American proceedings are superior to the Chinese system, because it allows the masses to hear and to decide on cases. Unlike the Chinese court system, only judges hear the cases and if they come from the upper or middle class, they may be biased toward their own social classes. The American system is also slight vulnerable to corruption. The Chinese government appoints the judges for its criminal justice courts and it can easily select judges who are partial to their interests. Still, the Chinese proceedings do have the advantage of expertise analysis. The

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Nursing - Essay ExampleNurse salaries are the major problem for virtually institutions along with benefits and intangible income. Moreover, medical costs and for profit health care have been increasing for the away decade. This accounts for other issues of nurse shortage such(prenominal) as nursing care, level of accident rations, and arguments between organizations and unions found on profits and salary augment. This decreased the nurse-patient ratio, which greatly affected the quality of care.1The crisis of nursing employment became unambiguous from the 1992-2000 surveys of the National Sample Surveys of Registered Nurses.2 Private and public sectors already contributed their observations regarding this matter. Moreover, some private companies have carried out actions to increase the nursing employment. For instance, Johnson and Johnson Health Care Systems have promoted a $20 million Campaign for Nursing Future. This program comprises of television ads, promotional material s among high school students, and a web site that exhibits programs among those aspiring for a nursing career. On the other hand, the public sector also contributed their share in promoting the nursing career such as congressional hearings and federal legislation proposing improvements in basic nursing education.3Many factors are contributors to nursing shortage. One factor is underemployment. Many nursing graduates spend their career at another force field sort of of nursing. According to the National Sample Surveys of RN (2000), 71-73 percent of Registered Nurses were not working in the medical field and others have undergone retirement. Usually, these Registered Nurses had their reasons why they chose to work on another field instead of nursing, including better hours, more recognise work, and of course, better salary.4A next factor is the employment pattern on nursing. The gender issue presents itself conspicuously, as men who graduated as

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Company Law - Essay ExampleThus the shareholder in a proprietorship company is an individual, the partnership depending upon the number of persons who constitute the partnership and private company (corporation) the number of shareholders who promote and subscribe to the shareholding of that organization. By its nature, conducts of a blood obligates its proprietors to discharge their liabilities to the creditors in the process of running and earning income out of business operations. The degree of responsibilities and viability vary due to the risks involved in accessing capital. Stated otherwise, in certain types of businesses in course of actional chance applies whereas in others informal ones apply but the ultimate objective of all them is to effectively constrain agents (the form of companies here) actions and their developing (North, 1990). The interdependence between the intelligent and financial rules have further be amplified, for instance, by Cheffins, (2001) and Coffee , (2001) gibe to whom while the good quality legal rules could enhance the investments potential for businesses, financial body structures terminate influence the creations of legal norms. In this light, the objectives of this paper is to discuss specific structures under which businesses operate, viz, Sole proprietorship, moderate liability, the pros and cons of both the structures and the later in relation to Solomon Case. This paper would also be finally enlarged with a discussion of limited liability as to how it pretends a companys directors and shareholders. Discussion An Overview of the UK Corporate Sector The corporate structure of the UK business enterprises is influenced by a number of factors, such(prenominal) as access to bank borrowing, cash, non-debt tax shields, growth opportunities, profitability etc. Business structures are platforms through which capital, goods and persons carry out commercial transactions in a given space wherein the accessibility to capital and size have a distinct impact on the nature of the corporate forms in which such transactions are facilitated. While one can state that there are three broad choices, via, (i) sole proprietorships, (ii) partnerships (limited liability), (iii) corporations (private or public) for organizing and running of business enterprises. at that place are various other types of companies such as royal charter, industrial and provident society, company limited by guarantee, community interest company, etc. But proprietorship, partnerships and corporations are the three main types prevalent. proprietary Proprietorship businesses are characterized by single owners, at times a one person shows with limited or even the owner performing the role of an employee also. In such a case it acquires the form of self-employment whom for such a reason cannot be classified as real entrepreneurs. Proprietorship entities have certain advantages which makes it a most popular form of business enterprise. Some o f such advantages are a) It facilitates an easy formation because incomplete is there a need for complying with legal formalities nor any registration of the firm is needed b) the owner comes up with the requisite capital which ordinarily gets generated either out of their savings and or through the reinvestment of internet generated c) The owner has total control of the business operations which enables the

Determination of the Cost of a New Drug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Determination of the Cost of a New medicine - establish ExampleThe paper tells that the anticipated apostrophize for development of an average medicine has been recently assessed by Joseph DiMasi unneurotic with his colleagues to be $802 million for every new molecular entity. The massive cost of developing a drug is a major component of the prevailing debates over the prescription drug prices, review policies of Food and Drug Administration (FDA), importation of the drugs from Canada, and barriers to universal entry. Having been assigned this central role of $802 million approximation in the debates, it is important to ask two questions. The primary one is whether this number is an accurate approximation of the anticipated costs in the development of an average drug. The second question that follows concerns the meaning of the estimations if at all by any find oneself they are accurate.For some years, researchers with the inclusion of a team at El Lilly and another from Tuft s University have approximated the cost incurred in the invention and development of a drug at either $1 billion or even more. These approximations attempt to exclude the costs that are not related directly to the approval of a drug and also dont give room for any kind of comparisons between companies. The first determinant of the cost of the development of a new prescriptive drug is the sizing of the company that is producing the drug. at that place is the argument that bigger companies possess the economies of scale and the scope of the development of a drug. This argument links the size of the company with development costs that are lower. One difficulty that arises in measuring this effect is that monolithic companies may be associated with lower-cost and successful drugs, either due to the reason that the drugs earn them reasonable revenues or the rightfulness that acquisitions and mergers result to such drugs produced in the larger firms. The outcomes suggest that this coul d pose a problem.

Critique of a text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of a text - test ExampleUnfortunately, this article does just that.Inconvenient lives is an insight into the reasons why benevolents resort to miscarriage, supported by statistics and facts and the writers own vehement anti-abortion views. Bork, in this article, answers the questions whether abortion is always killing of a human being and is it done mostly for convenience? He takes the stand that abortion is akin to taking a human life by stating scientific research regarding how human life begins drawing comparisons between a fetus and an elderly human being discussing the various reasons through statistics as to why women opt for abortion and criticizing the views of some of the pro-abortion advocates. The writer draws the conclusion that abortion is an immoral act and the reasons behind committing it are irrational. He believes that women call for it because it seems to be the most viable and convenient solution for their own multiple problems that might arise due(p) to unwanted pregnancy.The writer opens the argument by giving the summary of how a fetus comes into being and develops into a full-fledged human being. According to him, killing the organism formed after the fusion of a masculine sperm and female egg is like killing a human being. It is quite evident that the writer cannot demarcate between a human tissue (the zygote) and a living person (the mother). By stating scientific and medical opinion he is just trying to impose that this human tissue is important sufficiency to have rights of its own. It shall be most unfortunate however, to grant it rights equal to or superior than that of a char which is a human being, all flesh and blood with thoughts and emotions. It is an absurd comparison that only diminishes the value to a woman.Much dramatic light has been thrown on the rights that the fetus should be granted but at the end the writer himself admits that the fetus cannot survive

Why do Juveniles Runaway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

why do Juveniles Runaway - Essay ExampleJuveniles be the persons not so old simply they argon the minor person included in crimes. The reason for their runway king be different only if mainly these are receivable to insufficiency of attention, abused, abandoned and to the highest degree of all they are neglected by the family. Some authors stated the cause of runaway is integration problems holding many factor. The runaway of such juvenility causes great affect on the social and national environment. The family of such young specially faces mantel torture, archaic behavior and tough life a head in their social circle. The causes for such juveniles runaway might be asDoctor Siegel1 in his books state that usually the youth belongs to broken family involve themselves in such act. The philosophers usually includes in the review that such youth are neglected and thus lack morality, norms and values that can help in making their life successful. The reason for lacking in ethics is the attention they need while their grooming. The parents remain no more(prenominal) with each other and this cause more on their babies. The youth belongs to broken family fails to get enough training from their elders. Some time it is noticed that though they hold norms but usually these activities are taken by these youth in order to taper their elders that they want attention. Have you ever noticed small child behaving differently in front of his/her parents You essential noticed that the child want that every one should notice him/her. The same is the reason for such youth. much(prenominal) teenagers use to behave differently in order to get enough attention, what they really want. Doctor Robert L. Buckwalter2 wrote that usually the community of such young child didnt hold nice friends and locality, simply the term is peer atmospheric pressure. The eastern countries usually hold such problems. In South East Asian countries the under anchor crimes has many helpers, thes e are trying to spreading such crimes in the country, the only reason is to make the parsimony weak. These social circle matters a lot. When the youth use to move with such negative conduct mountain this causes great affect on the youth. Usually this may be due to the college or university gang. Such gangs absorb many youth and trying to produce violence. Therefore, the legal issues of the university and of other community must be so strong that it should help in controlling such violence. Within other causes, the drug use is the major reason of this crime. The drug makes the person unconscious and causes many problems. Have you ever noticed many youth gangs producing violence at world cup game of football The only reason is that these youth gangs are drugged. Due to this the person becomes unconscious and become aggressive if the outcomes didnt come according to him/her. They are drugged due to many reason, either they took it as adventurous or get in habit due to gravid commun ity. Whatever the reason is, the drug is the major cause of juveniles runaway especially in the western countries where most of the youth drugged due to their habit or took it mostly as an adventurous hobby. Juveniles runaway is

Diversified Workforce and Leadership Power Assignment

diversify Workforce and leadershiphip Power - Assignment ExampleEmployers are also creating an inclusive environment where different employees work together, and feel that they are valued by an organization Dunbar & Burgoon, 2005). Unlike the past, employers today have recognized the benefit of seeking a mixed workforce that portrays composition of the operating environment.Diversifying the workforce has a mickle of benefits to employers, especially those who seek to compete effectively in the global market. Diversified workforce gives them the opportunity to make up their cultural understanding, and they are exposed to more opportunities in new markets thus placing them in a conk out position to exploit new opportunities. A diversified workforce in a marketplace bequeath be highly engaged and productive. Employers have found that fostering diversity in their workforce clear shows a need for everybodys talent within the organization, and assists to make them feel highly value d. Employers are organism trained on the value of fostering diversity in their workforce, especially as a essence of promoting equality and inclusivity in their organizations (McGurre & Mammed, 2010).Power is seen as the capacity that one possesses to produce certain effects, more so, being able to influence the behaviour of others (Burgoon & Dunbar, 2005). Contextually, this definition has been extended to describe the motive of leaders in their workplaces. Leaders have been characterized by their capacity to make various decisions in an organization, and their ability to influence their juniors or fellow traveller employees actions and perceptions. Power is an important tool for leaders who know the relationship between the use of power, subordinates satisfaction, and organizational commitment.This power is based on a managers position in the organization and is validated by the members of the involved organization (Rahim, Kim & Kim, 2014). The structure of an organization sti pulates the framework to enact legitimate power since it not hardly outlines the rights and responsibilities of the organization but also establishes the hierarchy in the organization.

Perspectives on Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perspectives on Policing - Essay ExampleThe natural law force is habituated a mandate to oversee the public relationship in that respectfore public service function is oneness of the most important aspects of the function of a police. In servicing the public, the police therefore atomic number 18 touch in an array of activities that ar meant to ensure an enabling atmosphere of life in the public. In this regard, they contain important function like management and directing of traffic, directing tourists, attending to emergences, and other functions beyond their modal(prenominal) function of arresting and container law breakers.thitherfore we can say that the public needs policing in rescript to be effective. This shows that the police will need to effective in their work in order to potbelly with various issues that arise in the management of order in the public. The force will need to be well vigilant and well adapted to these challenges. The public is diverse so is the problems that the police needs to channelise in the public. Therefore one of the most important issues that the police need to hand over is transformation in their training and in their composition of the force in order to address effectively all these issue. There need to have innovation in gender, training, and other aspects in order to function well. Lack of diversity may constrain their service to the public since the force will not be well prepared to cope with some of these challenges. Failure to deliver services will not be the only negatively charged outcome of overlook of diversity but it will also be compounded by foul perception by the public which many mirror the ineffectiveness of the force. (Joan 1998, P. 470)Policing function and diversityAs we have stated diversity in the police force is one of the most important aspects that should be looked at. This is due to the effect that its likely to have on the overall perception and the effectiveness of the police f orce. Lack of diversity my constitution the enforcement of also as it may be difficult to offer effective services particularly to the marginalised groups. It is imperative for all communities to feel represented in the police force also have faith and feel secure. It has been shown that there is increasing malfunctioning of the police force as a result of lack of faith and mistrust between different ethnic groups depending on the way they feel represented in the force. In major cities in the world, there has been increasing conflicts between minority ethnic groups and the majority police force e.g. in the US there is increasing conflict between the white police and the colour American youths who feel that they are not represented in the police force. As a result, there may be public reluctance to give information to the police for and hence undermines the issue of communication policing. The public or the police are also likely for decline of appear as get hold due to the rela tionship between the two. It has been shown that some of the crimes that are committed especially in the low income areas are due to marginalisation of these areas since they are not well represented in the police force. (Spencer and Hough 2000, p. 82)When the marginalised groups feel that they are not well represented, they may resource to criminal activities or organisation of criminal gangs which assume the character of protecting the public where police have failed. There is also a likely hold the police order will not be recognised in the

Assessment item 3 . Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment item 3 . Report - Es claim ExampleFor instance, a study conducted among students at Loyola University of Chicago revealed that communication could facilitate a detail target that aims to change or reform something, which in this case was a campaign for societal undecomposedice. The process involved using communication in order to advance the project, with undergraduate students applying communication theories into come to facilitate talk and action, which resulted in a campus-wide initiative that spurred dialogue, debate, and consensus building. (Cissna 2009, p497) With the positive outcome of the project, it became clear that the theories that were put into normal successfully achieved the purpose and objectives of the students involved. This may be a very specific or small example, except that it demonstrated the potency of effective and systematic communication at work. Sluijsmans, Dochy and Moerkerke (1999) emphasized that, students in modern organizations should be able to analyse information, to improve their problem-solving skills and communication and to reflect on their own role in the attainment process. (p293) II. ... Also, from the students end, the interest is also generated out of the desire to please and impress by how well a specific project or report is delivered in front of his or her classmates. One of such students remarked that peer judicial decision is champion of the most nerve-wracking class activities because one has to get the approval of not just one individual but a bunch of people. (Personal Correspondence) Seger, Dochy and Cascallar (2003) succinctly defined peer assessment as the order of battle for contemplateers and/or workers to consider and specify the direct, value or quality of a product or a performance of other equal-status learners and/or workers. (p65) A research by Mizoguchi, Dillenbourg and Zhu (2006) on the subject reported that it has wrick a very popular instructional assessment method as it reached a particular level of reliability and effectiveness because it supposedly improve the high-order thinking and learning motivation of students. (p298) Unarguably, scholars and academics are quite crazy about this learning model, which can be integrated in a number of classroom activities such as in writing, drafting portfolio, presentations, test performance, and even those that involve behaviors, and a number of others. It is safe to say the possibilities are endless to a creative teacher. Specific benefits of peer assessment, from the perspective of students, are as follows Students learn in a non-threatening and often friendly environment. About 60 percent of students are, according to Irons and horse parsley (2004), content to allow averaged final student assessments to be used summatively, but only if these were moderated by the teacher. (p93) at that place would be more feedback generated for a specific work or task done not just from the

Weathering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Weathering - Research Paper ExampleThe rate of weathering is also change by various factors much(prenominal) as climate, geology, relief, soil or vegetation cover, as well as human activity. Research studies regarding the causes and effects of weathering continues and play a vital role in understanding the tale of earth operation and progressment. Weathering is delineate as group of slow processes by which surface judders atomic number 18 confused into low-toneder pieces or dissolve into water as caused by the impact of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. It is considered as the ancient stage in the denudation of the landscape since rocks be loosened by the weathering process. The length of time that rocks and minerals hire been exposed at the surface of the earth will dictate the degree to which they have weathered. Pushkar (799) explained the process of weathering Soils are derived from the parent rocks by the process called weathering. Formation of soil is initiated by d isintegration or weathering of parent rocks by certain physical, chemical substance or biological agents. As a result, soil-forming rocks are broken down into small particles called regoliths, which finally develop into mature soil by pedogenesis. After the loosened rock particle moves receivable to flowing agents specifically air, water or screwball, erosion or mass wasting occurs. Erosion refers to the movement down slope due to gravity (US Geological Survey National Park Service). Physical weathering or mechanical weathering is a type of weathering in which the breakdown of rock relies solely through mechanical forces such as freeze thaw, pressure release, thermal expansion, salt crystallization, sand blast, and glaciation, which do not alter the chemical composition of the rock. Freeze thaw refers to the breakdown of rocks as a result of the expansion of water during halt which is common in places where temperature often fluctuates around zero degrees Celsius like in upland B ritain. This procedure is to the highest degree effective in jointed rocks particularly granite. Pressure release or dilation happens when weathering and erosion removes layered rocks. The released pressure expands the rocks, making it to have fractures which weaken the rocks as they become susceptible to weathering agents. Sheeting of rock follows when cracks develop parallel to the surface. Thermal expansion, also called as insolation weathering, results from large diurnal temperature ranges that influences heating and cooling of the rock. The rock expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The changes caused by differing temperature results in stresses in the rock layers. Salt crystallization takes place when saline water passes through crevasses and joints in rocks, evaporates, and salt crystals are formed as the dissolved salts crystallize. The crystals can cause gamey disintegration or the gradual breaking off grains of rock. Sand blast occurs in arid and recant conditi ons when wind and sand disrupts rocks. Lastly, glaciation or ice formation corrodes and breakdown rocks into sand particles as the melting of ice during summer season move downwardly on the slopes and produces glacier movement (Codrington 252). On the other hand, chemical weathering is defined as the decomposition of a rock by alteration of its chemical composition (Codrington 252). The processes of chemical weathering are solution, hydrolysis, chelation, hydration, carbonation and oxidation-reduction. Solution involves the removal of certain mobile components of rocks for instance, calcium sulphates and chlorides, making the rocks porous and easy to disintegrate. Hydrolysis breaks down or washes out components of rocks such as alumina silicates and silicon which leads to simpler mineral matter like

Article Review for Research Class Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Review for Class - Research paper ExampleThe demographic collection of data was d wizard in the two metropolitan cities of china. The samples were different from one another in name of age and genders of adolescents. The first off sample for the method acting of study include cx female students from junior high school, out of which 96, 52 and 52 were from grade one, two and three respectively. The first sample was conducted in the Guangzhou city only. The second sample included 114 females and males students from high school out of which 53 were males and 61 were females. The third sample was based upon 270 late adolescents. In this sample 170 students were male enchantment 100 were female students. The third sample included students from the University of Zhejiang. Along with these three samples of male and female students, the look forers conducted the research with the help of a questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the congenatorship of students with their fa thers and mothers. The questionnaire also evaluated the relationships of adolescents with helpmates. The questionnaire that was conducted for the research was Inventory of parent and peer attachment that was designed as a self-report (Song, Thompson, & Ferrer, 2009).After the analysis of the qualitative research, it is visible that the design of method greatly supported the main objective of the research that was to analyze the relation between attachment and self-evaluation. The relation had been used in the study to juxtapose the age and gender differences among the adolescents. The method of analysis procedure included the closer evaluation study of age difference in terms of attachment, age differences in terms of self-evaluation, the nature of relationships in terms of the constructs, gender differences in terms of self-evaluation and attachment and most importantly screen out of variance and factors that loaded variance and covariance

Nursing research study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing research prove - Essay ExampleIt is also indispensable to point out that the abandon in the adults only with adroit disabilities has been stretched here with prominence.Numerous researchers have laid the area of their work on the violence in business of adult with learning disability (Bonner, et al. 2002 Coyne, 2002 Duxbury, and Whittington, 2005 Hegney, et al. 2003). This is because there is a rising demand in the in-depth adopt of the violence behavior in the adults in the care centre. The present topic holds a clear title and refers in a very straightforward manner of presence to the topic, which is essentially in demand. We would say that the lock and observe arrangement of the topic with the text has been exhibited in the present paper.Strand (2004) and experts in the paper begin their essential focus of interest in the topic by providing a short background and literature brushup as relevant to the topic. They mention that violence holds its presence in the form of physical, psychological, financial, and sexual abuse. They also held their ferocity that the problem of violence in adults with intellectual disability is quite often underreported.The objective for the present body of work as presented by Strand and colleagues was to study the present picture with to a greater extent relevance to the caregivers. The focus was held on the Swedish adult persons with intellectual disability and their caregivers in-group dwellings. ... It is important to mention that the best research finds its most received roof place in a good selection and application of design. In the present research, a total population based survey was carried out. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire was forwarded to 164 staff members. The staff members had their belong from 17 care settings for adults with intellectual disability. The response rate as observed in the research study was 74%. Thus, it should be noned that reliability and validity features o f the data to be collected was addressed. Collection of data from 17 different care settings does really reveal that the variation in the results due to change in the location has been kept under crucial consideration. However, we still recommend that a larger sample size of the staff members could have resulted in adding more confidence in the results obtained from the present research study.Questionnaire as a method of data collection presents certain advantages and the important one of them is that it is less expensive and less period consuming (Bassett, 20 00 Bishop, and Freshwater, 2004 Cormack, 2000). Considering the amount of work pressure as faced by the staff members in the care of adult with learning disability, it thus proved to be a better option. In addition, since more than 100 participants were included for the purpose of study, interview as a means of data collection was not a feasible option. The technical skill as required for conducting interview holds its absen ce in the deterrent example of questionnaire (Hendrick, 2000 Ogier, 1998 Parahoo, 1997 Silverman, 1997). Thus, once the questionnaire is constructed skillfully the investigator

Minimalism and Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Minimalism and harmony - Essay ExampleThe cultural milieu of the first wave of minimalist composers all born in the mid 1930s in the United States was one marked by social upheaval, political revolution, and a new sense of global awareness and connection after the isolationist 50s. This sense of a humans stage in which the United States and the Soviet Union were the two antipodes invited an influx of ideas and cultural artifacts from the rest of the world. The easy 50s and early 60s saw a massive increase in the number of colleges and universities and the subsequent rise in attendance of those institutions. This academic boom laid the groundwork for the ideological struggles that would precipitate politically, culturally, and artistically. As such, minimalism owes more(prenominal) to non-Western music, jazz and rock than to 20th-century Modernism or any other Western art music, at least that since the Baroque period (Potter Minimalism). While their modernist predecessors and thei r electronic and electro-acoustic contemporaries were arouse in withdrawal, socially and musically as evidenced by Milton Babbits statement, the composer would do himself and his music an immediate and eventual service by total, resolute, and unbidden withdrawal from this public world into one of private performance and electronic media, with its very real opening move of complete elimination of the public and social aspects of composition . That particular quotation of Babbits was present in his disputable essay, Who Cares If you Listen, Steve Reich. believed quite the opposite and suggested that the work that he, Terry Riley and Philip Glass were doing was interested in the public reaction and interested in connecting with a more mainstream approach (Schwarz, 375). The second wave of minimalist composers came later in the 80s and 90s under(a) the rubric of holy minimalism. This trio of composers included Henyrk Gorecki, Arvo Part, and John Taverner. Their milieu is also sugge stive of a multi-culturally infused, ecumenical attitude towards music, with an interest in connecting with the people around them. However, in addition to this cultural context, there is a religious or transcendent impulse in their music that is not necessarily present in the work of Riley, Glass or Reich. This transcendent impulse is also indicative of the opportunity to connect with an audience in a mainstream way, by the utilization of religious imagery perhaps common to many.Stylistically, Minimalism is a response to serialism, free atonality, and aleatory styles of John Cage and other post-war avant-garde musicians (Schwarz, 375). It

Leadership Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Leadership Essay Introduction EssayPerhaps none of you are thriving enough to be a leader and fight for animal rights or other beliefs, but each year colleges and universities require students to write a leadershiphip essay. Its goal is to identify and evaluate your potential leadership qualities. One of the best ways to cope with the task is to list the characteristics that successful politicians or opinion leaders have. And then demonstrate their presence in your case by an example of specific spiritedness situations. This is the chief(prenominal) difference between the leadership essays and similar ones. Instead of analyzing literary works or their authors, you need to contract on your own personality.The leader is not always associated with the commander or the strong- leave aloneed warlord. An effective flow could be strong and weak, learn and teach simultaneously. The leadership category offers a lot of qualities, the presence of which plays a great role in the li fe of each person. We are talking about empathy, dedication, sincerity, consistency, altruism, responsibility, self-development, influence, the ability to teach.The meaty part of leadership paper outline consists of describing the bright moments of your life to substantiate the stated thesis. Examples should not be abstract and contain pathos reflections. It is better to resort to the specifics and show in which cases you showed courage, intelligence or organizational skills. It is the details that increase the confidence in the content of the text. The personal nature of the essay on leadership makes it possible to use anecdotes as arguments. Each impertinent flavour must begin with a new paragraph while keeping in touch with the previous text using transitional phrases. This volition ease make the essay easily readable to the audience. You also could use the information collected primitively from various sources.When writing a leadership essay, the following necessary compo nents should be considered. First of all, to compose an head of the phenomenon of leadership, use online resources or biographical stories. They will not only clarify the concept but will also lead to good ideas. Do not confuse the leadership essays with the heroic epic. You need upkeep to yourself, but not to other people. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid fantasies and blatant lies. Remain as honest as possible to make your work realistic, and look like a fairy tale. To obtain this, shun qualities that are not inherent in you.The use of the method of brainstorming will help determine the required skills. Remember the situation where you were given a great responsibility, for instance, a project, a sports group or the main role in the play. In general, any experience of cooperation can be presented in the context of leadership. Once you have decided on the field of research, it is significant to develop an essay scheme.Thus, a successful completing of a leadership essa y depends on the depth of understanding of this concept, your honesty and life experience. Also, remember that real effective leaders have a unique vision of things. Use this quality to present yourself in a favorable light.

Inventory Control Essay Example for Free

farm animal assure EssayRead the case study down the stairs Harvey Industries. Provide reasoning for the real financial distress of the follow and make recommendations for improvements to the new company president. implicate at least one specific recommendation for both Supply Chain Management (chapter 15) and Inventory Management (chapter 13), as well as any other recommendations you deem necessary from your reading. Provide your recommendations in a 2-4 page APA style paper.Harvey IndustriesBackgroundHarvey Industries, a Wisconsin company, specializes in the assembly of high-pressure wash offer systems and in the sale of overcompensate parts for these systems. The products range from small(a) portable high-pressure washers to large industrial installations for carbon removal from vehicles stored awaydoors during the winter months. Typical uses for high-pressure water cleaning includeAutomobilesAirplanesBuilding maintenanceBarnsEnginesIce cream plantsLift trucksMachi nerySwimming poolsIndustrial customers include General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Delta Airlines, United Parcel Service, and Shell Oil Company. Although the industrial applications atomic piece 18 a signifi tooshiet part of its sale, Harvey Industries is primarily an assembler of equipment for coin operated self-service car wash systems. The typical car wash is of concrete block construction with an equipment room in the center, flanked on any side by a design of bays. The cars are driven into the bays where the owner digest wash and come up the car, utilizing high-pressure hot water and liquid wax. A dollar bill changer is available to translate change for the use of the equipment and the purchase of various products from dispensers.The products include towels, tire cleaner, and upholstery cleaner. In recent forms Harvey Industries has been in financial difficulty. The company has lost money for three of the last four years, with the last years loss being $17,174 on sales of $1,238,674.Inventory levels have been steadily increasing to their present levels of $124,324. The company employs 23 people with the management team consisting of the following key employees president, sales manager, manufacturing manager, controller, and purchasing manager. The abbreviated organic law chart reflects the reporting relationship of the key employees and the three individuals who report directly to the manufacturing manager.Current Inventory Control SystemThe current line control system consists of fixs for commonplace replenishment being made by the stockroom foreman, the purchasing manager, or the manufacturing manager whenever one of them notices that the catalogue is low. An order for replenishment of take stock is similarly placed whenever soul (either a customer or an employee in the assembly area) wants an souvenir and it is not in stock. Some breed is necessitate for the assembly of the high-pressure equipment for the car wash and industrial appli cations. There are current and accurate bills of material for these assemblies. The material needs to support the assembly schedule are in general known well in advance of the build schedule. The majority of inventory transactions are for repair parts and for supplies used by the car washes, such as paper towels, detergent, and wax concentrate. Because of the constant and strong use of the car wash equipment, thither is a steady demand for the various repair parts.The stockroom is well organized, with parts stored in locations according to each vendor. The number of vendors is relatively limited, with each vendor for the most part supplying some(prenominal) diametrical parts. For example, the repair parts from Allen Bradley, a manufacturer of electrical motors, are stocked with in the same location. These repair parts will be used to provide service for the many electrical motors that are part of the high-pressure pump and motor assembly used by all of the car washes. Because o f the heavy sales volume of repair parts, there are generally two employees workings in the stockroom- a stockroom foreman who reports to the manufacturing manager and an assistant to the foreman. One of these two employees will appreciation customer orders. Many customers stop by and order the parts and supplies they need. Telephone orders are also stock and are shipped by United Parcel Service the same day. The assembly area has some inventory stored on the shop floor.This inventory consists of low-valueitems that are used every day, such as nuts, bolts, screws, and washers. These purchased items do not amount to very much dollar volume through kayoed(p) the year. Unfortunately, oftentimes the assembly area is turn out of one of these basic items and this causes a significant amount of downtime for the assembly lines. Paperwork is kept to a minimum. A sales slip listing the part numbers and quantities sold to a customer is generally made out for each sale. If the assembly par t needs items that are not stocked on the assembly floor, someone from that part will enter the stockroom and withdraw the necessary material.There is no paperwork made out for the items needed on the assembly floor. There were 973 different part numbers purchased for stock last year and those purchases amounted to $314,673. An analysis of inventory records shows that $220,684 was spent on just 179 of the part numbers. Fortunately for Harvey Industries, most of the items they purchase are stocked by either the manufacturer or by a wholesaler. When it is discovered that the company is out of stock on an item, it generally takes only two or three days to replenish the stock. collectable to the companys recent losses, its auditing firm became concerned about the companys ability to hold open in business. Recently the company sold off excess vacant land adjoining its manufacturing quick-wittedness to generate cash to meet its financial obligations.New PresidentBecause of the recent death of the owner, the trust department of a Milwaukee Bank (as trustee for the estate) has taken over the companys affairs and has appointed a new company president. The new president has determine many problem areas- one of which is improper inventory control. He has retained you as a adviser to make specific recommendations concerning a revised inventory control system. What are your recommendations and rationale? Harvey Industries is a Wisconsin company that specializes in the assembly of high-pressure washer systems and in the sale of repair parts for these systems. With the recent death of the owner, the trust department of a Milwaukee Bank, the trusty for the estate, has taken over the companys affairs and has appointed a new company president who has identified many problem areas such as improper inventory control and has asked me as a consultant to make specific recommendations concerning a revised inventorycontrol system.After reviewing the companys current inventory c ontrol I would recommend that it would be very important for them to establish good confabulation with the supply chain because they need to know what the demand would be for each of the parts so that they can forecast the needs so that they can plan ahead and order the necessary materials and supplies do that they do not have to wait three days for the messing parts. Currently the inventory control system consists of orders for stock replenishment being made by the stockroom foreman, the purchasing manager, or the manufacturing manager whenever one of them notices that the inventory is low. An order for replenishment of inventory is also placed whenever someone (either a customer or an employee in the assembly area) wants an item and it is not in stock.I would recommend changing this system, they need to establish the number of parts that would be needed in a weekly basis and replenish as the item is used so that they do not run out of the necessary parts and supplies. The company currently employs 23 people with the management team consisting of the following key employees president, sales manager, manufacturing manager, controller, and purchasing manager. The abbreviated judicature chart reflects the reporting relationship of the key employees and the three individuals who report directly to the manufacturing manager. I would recommend having different departments manufacturing, sales department for repair parts and sales department for supplies.All three departments need to be in communication with the purchasing manager that will need to be informed in order to make all the necessary purchases to maintain an appropriate inventory for all three departments. This will ease save the company some money on payroll. I would also recommend that the inventory for the manufacturing department be kept in the warehouse as well as the other items that way there can be more control on the parts that go out so that they can be promptly replenish.Currently the stock room is well organized, with parts stored in locations according to each vendor. The number of vendors is relatively limited, with each vendor generally supplying many different parts. However they could also go the parts and supplies per department so that it would be easier to find and less man power would be needed creating a saving in payroll and payroll taxes.ReferencesStevenson, W.J. (2011). Operations management (11th Ed.). New York, NY McGraw Hill/Irwin

The fast food industry Essay Example for Free

The truehearted aliment industry essayThe refrain intellectual nourishment industry has been growing to a greater extent than(prenominal) and more every year. There is a lush forage for thought restaurant in every corner. Since immediate aliment is becoming so popular more and more community chose to go to a fast regimen restaurant daily. unfluctuating nutrient is a continuing growth industry in our country. Fast sustenance restaurants continue to increase their popularity by sound their prices and providing faster service for their customers. There is a huge competition between fast food restaurants and how they advance can effect the business. There are galore(postnominal) reasons as to why fast food has break so popular. One of the main endeavors is the simplest of them all, laziness. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is advertisement. There are fast food restaurants being advertised of billboards, at some draw a bead on aims, on t he internet, and on television.Most fast food advertisements are directed to young people because they are easily persuaded. According to Haugen, young people in America are bombarded with advertising every day. A young person does not usually phone of their health or other important factors that could become of saping fast food constantly, they just intend that its what they extremity because they saw it on the television. Haugen states, Marketers reach them by commercials on television and also through ads in magazines, on billboards, on the internet and even in the bathroom stalls at school (Haugen 2008). It seems that there is no escape from fast food marketing for children.It is everywhere they turn. It is sad that advertisement companies build found so many ways to compact to children to make them want to consume their product because for approximately of them it results in obesity. One of the most successful advertisement products comes with the kids meal, the toy. M any children insist on their parents buying them that meal, from that particular fast food restaurant, because they want the toy that comes with the kids meal. Since fast food has become so popular it has resulted in obesity for many children. The children are drawn to the fast food because of the toys that come with the meal and how it is advertised to be more appealing to children. Since the effect of fast food on children has been so drastic many fast food restaurants now have healthy choice kid meals that come with a toy as well. This could be a commodious alternative to help children eat healthy.Since many people have such demanding schedules they resort to fast food. According to Simplicity of ciphering, the main cause for the current expanding of fast food restaurants is that they fit with the needed speed of living everywhere (SOT 2011). This means that with an individuals bustling schedule they do not have enough time to prepare a meal in the morning so they resort to fa st food. An example given states that throughout the day an individual whitethorn sometimes resort to fast food more than once in order to make their living easier. Fast food makes it possible to eat on the go and live life uninterrupted. According to Think Free, since the popularity of fast food has grown people have become addicted to fast food. Eating fast food develops the habit and addiction to this kind of food (Rokotmivo 2009). the secret recipes of fast food restaurants have transcendental components, regardless(prenominal) if they are healthy of not, they are always included in the meal.This is what makes each fast food restaurant distinct from another and makes you want to return to that same one to get that same appreciation that you have become addicted to. For example, getting a cheeseburger from Burger King will taste different than parliamentary law a cheeseburger from Carls Jr. even if it is ordered with the exact same condiments. This is because of the secret in gredient that each burger has that sets it apart(predicate) from other fast food restaurants. When people are addicted to fast food they will recoup natural and typical food less delicious and no longer satisfies their needs. Having fast food be an well-heeled resort to cooking a meal and taking someones time away from them it has caused it to become more popular and has still effected many people in having a poor diet.Fast food is not just convenient it is also inexpensive. According to Food for Thought, a new national get of eating out and income shows that fast food dining has become more popular with lower income families (FFT 2002). Fast food has become more popular with those of lower income families. With the specials and the great deals like the dollar menu it is less expensive than preparing a meal for some families. This results in more people going to fast food restaurants. If some fruit at a food market store costs a dollar or sometimes maybe more, people would rath er go to a fast food restaurant and get something more filling like a cheeseburger off of the dollar menu. With the economy so bad it is easy to see why many people resort to fastfood over going to the grocery store. It is not only easier but in some cases it is less expensive.One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is that people are simply vacant. It is true that many people havve the time and the means to cook a decent meal for themselves or their family but they resort to fast food simply because it is an easy alternative. why is there a need to cook when it would be faster to just go to a fast food restaurant since there is one at almost every corner and order something. The lazy factor of many people has resulted in obesity. Fast food also makes a persons body want to be less inactive. After eating something from McDonalds an individual would most likely want to take a nap or just relax and watch a movie. The effect that fast food has on the body is never good, whether its laziness or obesity.In conclusion, the cause of the popularity of fast food is great advertisement, its easy and fast, and people are lazy. The effects of fast food has resulted in it being everywhere, whether its advertised on television, on billboards, or in schools, and found on every corner. Fast food has led to many people being obese and addicted to the unhealthy choices they offer. The more popular fast food has gotten the more fast food restaurants are being built to reach the demands of society. Fast food for some people can rule their lives.

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay Example for Free

The Secret breeding of Walter Mitty EssayThe Secret Life of Walter Mitty is a short story that deals with the feeling of a Walter Mitty, a middle-aged, absent-minded service troops who spends much of his time daydreaming virtually a fantasy world in which he is at the center of various heroic escapades. During a trip to town with his wife, he dreams about a bearing filled with images of conquesthe pictures himself as being a Navy pilot commanding a hydroplane in the middle of a storm, a brilliant surgeon about to perform an catch operation, an adept killer being questi adeptd in court, and a brave soldier on a representation to bomb an ammunition dump. It is an interesting story, which preempt be interpreted in many different ways. Thematically, it touches on various aspects of social, psychological, as well as existential issues that afflict the common man and that many can relate with. One of the main and prevalent themes in the story is about escapism. Mitty is a timid and henpecked husband who appears to live a mundane and colorless life. He represents the average American middle-class man whose truly experiences are dull and conventional.Through his depiction of Mitty, the author suggests that the life of an average, middle-class man offers lilliputian opportunity for an exciting existence. Because of this, Mitty tries to escape life through his imagination. This way, he is able to get away from the defeats of his life as well as the conflicts posed by his wife and society in general. The story shows how that for somewhat people, fantasy is a welcome alternative to reality. In his mind, Mitty takes on the shellistics he would like to embody. Not exclusively is he brave and heroic, he can hold quick and witty dialogues in his fantasies.In line of descent to real life, he is meek and mild-manneredin scenes wherein he parks his car and shops for puppy biscuit, it is seen that his real nature is the reverse of that of the characters he imagin es himself to be. A nonher theme deals with failure and the feeling of helplessness in ones life. Throughout the story, Mitty is shown passively taking orders from his overpowering wife. He wanders into his alternate reality even as his wife gives out orders. It can be speculated that Mrs. Mitty is one of the sources of his frustrations.While in his daydreams he is controlled and masculine, in real life, he lets himself be dominated and ordered around by his wife. His fantasies represent his inner character which he is too afraid to actualize in real life. The fact that Mitty does not complain is a sign that he feels powerless and that he is already resigned to his fate. Therefore, the only way he is able to inhabit his lackluster life is through his fantasies. Mitty also appears to have issues with self-fulfillment. One can deduce that he is not successful and thus re-creates himself as an accomplished man (i.e. being a celebrated doctor or a dazzling naval commander). Not only do es his life lack excitement, it seems that his very existence is odioushis wife constantly nags him, park attendants and cops talk down to him, women on the street laugh at his actions. Mittys last fantasy can be interpreted a number of ways, one is that it evokes the feelings of helplessness Mitty feels about his real-life situation. He imagines himself facing a firing squad an this shows that he feels tired living his life and that hed rather not live it.

New World vs. Old Essay Example for Free

advanced World vs. Old Essay global Wine War 2009 New World versus Old 1. How were the French suitable to dominate the worldwide booze trade for centuries? What sources of competitive advantage did they develop to support their exports? The wine-coloured production of France goes all the way dressing to be part of the first niche foodstuff for premium wine. Factor conditions of France, such as come to and climate, were well suited for wine-production compared to other European countries.Since the early 19th century cross-border shipping was very expensive, France was able to cluster the related and supporting industries of wine production within their domestic borders. As a result, France increase its competitive advantage throughout other sources without much impact from other countries. As the industry became Frances second largest export, side by side with a culture of rich food, the ingest conditions got affected, as consumers were expecting a certain quality.The Fr ench government provided the classification systems, which increased the rivalry and domestic competitiveness and raised the entree barriers so that entry of foreign competition was kept at a minimum. 2. Given the longstanding effectiveness of Old World wine producers, how were the New World producers, such as the Australians, able to expand their market share so rapidly in the 1990s?As postwar increased demand for wine rapidly, factor conditions of the New World producers, such as widely available suitable land and it being less expensive, do it possible to meet the new demand and boosted the New World industry. The new demand conditions demanded higher quality wines and as new generations were natural, the consumers got more price-conscious and convenient oriented. New World producers met these changes in demands by introducing a consummate(a)ly new firm strategy, structure, and rivalry compared to the Old World producers, who were constrained by tradition. change was the key word in the New World strategy suddenly, mechanical technology reduced boil cost and pushed down prices, packaging innovations made distribution easier and provided convenience to the consumers, and technology ensured vintage-to-vintage consistency etc. As well, branding and marketing skills were performed on the basis of vintage-to-vintage consistency, which gave the consumers further preferences and strengthened the position of the New World producers globally. This made them capable at expanding even more rapidly.The New World producers changed the traditional patterns of related and supporting industries, which use to being long value-chains, as the big producers now sustainled the full value chain, able to extract margins and control quality at every level. The size now gave them bargaining power a power, which made them demand a strong grip on the importing countries. The New World producers had created a strong advance(a) company culture a culture that could easily adap t to the changes of consumer culture and government regulations.New generations were born and so was the rise of fashion in a completely different culture of lighter consumption. The New World producers responded to the swings of fashion by taking advantage of the factor conditions much capacity and regulatory freedom. This was the complete opposite to what the Old World producers were able to do still constrained by the long archives of wine-making tradition and lack of innovation. By that, the New World producers were always a few steps beforehand of the Old World producers when the global patterns changed.

My daughter smokes Essay Example for Free

My daughter smokes EssayWe often think that refering people to supporting groups is full to quit skunk, however how about if instead we initiate them so that they wont even start smoking as walker mention peace on earth begins at home, meaning that we need to educate our children and surrounding about smoking and its concecuenses. Smoking not only(prenominal) rationalitys wellness problems, it can also cause economic problems, and can harm those around you. Smoking can catch many negative impacts regarding your health it can cause bronchitis, pneumonia, and emphysema. According to the center for disease control and prevention smoking causes 1 in 5 strokes in the United States, Menaning that a person that smokes has a higher risk of having a awe-inspiring and agonizing death compare to a non-smoker person. Smoking can harm not only you save also those arounfd you. People who smoke in public make choicea for others. for example, when you smoke around a 5 year old tou are ba sically making a choice for them making them a heartbeat hand smoker. Also, when you start suffering smoking consequences you dont do it alone because you family will suffer along with you.In addition, smoking can not only cause health problems but economically as well. A packet of cigarettes cost o8.75 an avarage smoker smokes about 2 packets a day, which will make an average of 3200 to 6400 per year.this money can be used for food and or clothing. Also, because of the health problems that smoking will cause, smokers smokers will have to spend a alot of money on health care.In conclusion, we need to educate our familiar, and friends regarding smoking. Smoking its a very additive habit that will make you nicoti e dependent. Therefore when you try to quit it comes with coitus interruptus symptoms, to avoid withdrawal symtomps from smoking the best choice is to never start. Smoking will not only damege your health it will also damage you economically, and also thos around you.

Kasanayan Sa Filipino Essay Example for Free

Kasanayan Sa Filipino try onRomblon /rmblon/rom-blohn, (Tagalog Lalawigan ng Romblon), is an island nation of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. It lies south of Marinduque and Quezon, east of Mindoro, northeast of Aklan and Capiz, and west of Masbate. Its capital is excessively named Romblon. According the May 2010 Philippine census, it has a total population of 283,930 people.2 The country of Romblon is composed of three larger islands Romblon Island at the center where the provincial capital is located, Tablas Island to the west, and Sibuyan Island to the east. It also includes the smaller islands of Banton, master copy de Campo, Simara, Carabao, Carlota and Isabel. Approximately 187 nautical miles (346 km) south of Manila, the islands of Romblon lie on Sibuyan Sea, south of Marinduque Island and north of Panay Island. To the east is the island of Masbate and in the west, the island of Mindoro. The province is composed of three major islands Romblon, where t he capital city of Romblon is located, Tablas, the largest island in the province, and Sibuyan, the easternmost island.There ar also four smaller island municipalities Banton Island, Simara Island, Maestro de Campo Island, and Carabao Island. Most of Romblons islands have a mountainous and rugged topography, and are of volcanic origin. The highest elevation in the province is Mount Guiting-Guiting in Sibuyan, which stands at 2,058 m. The peak boasts one of the most ambitious climbs in the country due to its jagged summit.3 Due to its geography, the province is endowed with lush vegetation and mineral resources. The fertile soil nurtures various agricultural activities. Being an archipelago, its coasts are dotted with numerous fine, white guts beaches such as in Carabao Island and Cresta del Gallo. Offshore, Romblon is a rich fishing ground.The islands lie on the migratory course of fishes from the Sulu and Visayan Seas, passing the Tablas Strait, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon Pass.4 R omblon does not have a truly pronounced wet or teetotal season though the heaviest rainfall occurs from September to January. The driest months are March and April which are the best months to visit the province. 27 Celsius is the annual mean temperature, with February being the coldest month with temperatures dropping to 20C, and May being the warmest month wherein temperatures could reach out 35C. Southwest monsoon winds or Habagat pass by the province from June to October while northeasterly winds or Amihan blows through the islands from December to February.This turtleneck Sanctuary Project is Sponsored by Chris Bech and his wife Theresa Beach Land Estate Inc. Tablas Island. We are proud to pass on our latest pictures of the new baby Turtles that were hatched yesterday at our Turtle Sanctuary in Ferrol, Tablas Island, Romblon. 64 new baby turtles all hatched and are healthy and have well, there are another(prenominal) 120 eggs in another batch, and 80 in another batch of e ggs, they should hatch within the next week or so, we will update you. We have do a turtle egg protective area, to protect the eggs from predators, and we have a nipa shack where we assist visitors and have viewing area, we are in the process of making a new entanglement site Romblon Marine Life which will be published early January 2012.

Final Exam Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Guide EssayQuestion 1 How would you define prospered leading? What standard do you apply when evaluating leadership success? Is it possible to predict success based on nerveal cultures or other factors? Provide examples to bread and butter your answer.SolutionSuccessful leadership is the ability to reassign and coordinate the energy of the group to attain the sweard goals of the p arntage. It is the capacity to motivate and inspire followers to go beyond the distance of their perceived limitations, to rise to the challenges of the task at hand, and to seek out innovative and tonic solutions. In a word, success leadership is empowering. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, A good leader inspires passel to have arrogance in the leader a great leader inspires pile to have confidence in themselves. A no-hit leadership screw be evaluated by the following standards a) Example A successful leader leads by example, which is the key to authentic leadership. This is dem onstrated by working hard, making unwieldy decisions, taking risks, and personal sacrifices. b) Integrity There atomic number 18 no shortcuts to success. A successful leader is honest, adept and uncompromising on his or her work and business ethics.c) Solid goals A successful leader has impregnable goals and direction, which argon communicated to the team up. The leader makes the team identify and take ownership of the businesss goals in recount to motivate them to achieve these goals. d) Knowledge A leader is equipped with knowledge and skills necessary for the enterprise. The leader leverages the teams best chance of success by knowing and understanding the impediments, competition and risks present in an endeavor. e) Autonomous A successful leader provides for autonomy by empowering the members to think, innovate and own the solution to a problem. f) High Expectations A successful leader expects a high level of excellence from the team. Expectations create results pa ssel want to proud of their work. However, high expectation does not mean perfection. Rather, it is larn through experience and errors, and existence accountable for ones mistakes.g) Humility A successful leader knows the value ofteamwork and gives credit where it is due. lead is not about personalities it is about directing the groups efforts toward the completion of an endeavor. h) Execution A successful leader has the discipline to get things done. He or she can bridge the gap between supposition and actual execution of a plan. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is an Indian businessman and co-founder of Infosys, which was founded in 1981. Mr. Murthy served as CEO of Infosys from 1982 to 2002, and as hot seat from 2002 to 2011.He stepped down from the board in 2011, and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Murthy embodies the ideals of a successful leadership. He is a run leader, an institution builder, and an IT legend. He empowered his executives, management team and workers. He encouraged and nurtured leadership qualities in the disposal through mentoring and training. He institutionalized ethical values of honesty and integrity throughout the government activity. Question 2 What manners exist to develop leaders in an organization? What methods does your organization engage? Why? Have whatsoever methods been counterproductive? In what ways? SolutionThere are dissimilar approaches to leadership development in an organization that will be briefly describes as follows 1) Formal Development Programs In its basic cast of charactersat, a formal program consists of a classroom seminar covering basic theories and principles of leadership. It can be in the form of a tailored development program fitted to serve the take ons of the specific organization. It can also be open-enrollment programs offered by private and academic institutions. 2) 3600 Feedback This is also known as a multi-source feedback, and a multi-rater feedback. This method involves cons istently collecting assessments of a persons performance from different sources, which typically consists of supervisors, peers, subordinates, customers, and other stakeholders. 3) Executive coaching job This method is defined as a practical, goal-oriented form of personal and one-on-one learning. Coaching is usually employ to improve individual performance, enhance a career, or work through organizational issues.4) Job Assignments This method works under the assumption that experience is the best teacher. This method trains would-be leaders in an organization by giving them a variety of job assignments that will expose them to different work environments hence, it allows them to adapt, and decease betterstrategic thinkers. 5) Mentoring Mentoring programs typically pair a senior and a junior manager, but wedlock can also occur between peers. Mentoring involves advising and passing on lessons in condition(p) from the senior to the junior partner. 6) Networking any(prenomina l) organizations include development activities intentional to foster broader individual networks for better connection with partners in a international community. Leaders are expected to know not only the in and out of the organization, but also know who in terms of problem-solving resources. 7) Reflection Introspection and reflection can foster self-understanding and understanding from lessons learned from experience. In leadership development, reflection can be used to uncover a persons hidden goals, talents, and values, as well as their impact on a persons work.8) reach Learning This is a project-based learning method characterized by a continuous process of learning and reflection, aid by colleagues, and with an emphasis on getting things done. This method connects individual development to the process of helping organizations suffice to major business problems. 9) Outdoor Challenges This is a team-building experience in an outdoor or wilderness setting, designed to ove rcome risk-taking fears, and to promote teamwork and leadership skills. Our organization uses formal programs to develop leaders. Recognizing that a classroom-based learning, while easy and flexible, is hold in the actual transfer of competencies, the formal program serves as a shell under which various development methods are in collectived.Hence, the formal program is structured by combining theoretical learning and problem-based learning. Then, a 360-degree feedback is given(p) to each participant, which serves as a basis for an in-depth reflection. For most people, the 360-degree feedback is onerous to handle for several reasons. The firsthand reason is an inherent resistance to switch. Another reason is the overwhelming amount of data, which can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret and translate into an action or style that can correct a given problem. sheer knowledge and acceptance of ones developmental needs are not enough to develop about salmagundi. There is a need for follow-up guidance and support. That is why participants are also given short-term coaching to identify specific areas of concern and how to resolve these concerns.Question 3 In The blind and Science of Leadership, Nahavandi writes about the dark side of power. Provide an example. What organizational factors contributed to the leaders behavior? What were consequences of the behavior? SolutionNahavandi cites corruption as the dark side of power. An example of a scandal that shocked the corporate world was the case of the German engineering giant siemens in 2006. A regulatory investigating revealed that hundreds of employees, spear percentage pointed by sec top executives, had been siphoning millions of Euros into bogus deals to pay massive bribes to government officials and business contacts to win contracts in Russia and Nigeria. A trial judge described the scandal as a blatant disregard of business ethics and a systematic practice of organized irresponsibil ity that was implicitly condoned by management.The scandal resulted to the sledding of Siemens top executives, including then CEO Klaus Kleinfield, who was later convicted of corruption, placed on probation for 2 years, and fined 160,000 Euro for his complicity. Hans-Werner Hartmann, who was the account head in the companys telecommunications arm, was also placed on probation for 18 months and fined 40,000 Euro. The scandal cost Siemens around 2.5 billion Euro to pay for fines, reparations and damages. The firm was also barred from dealings with certain clients. The cost to Siemens employees, who had to endure intense public scrutiny and shame, is difficult to quantify.Organizational factors that contributed to a culture of bribery in spite of appearance Siemens were identified as follows an aggressive growth strategy that compelled managers to resort to bribes in order to concern performance targets a complex and matrix-like organizational structure that allowed divisions to ope rate independently, with no established checks and balances poor accounting processesa corporate culture openly tolerant of bribes.It should be noted that bribes were tax-deductible, and were the norms, not the exceptions, in German business practice at that time.Question 4 What obstacles exist for leaders involved in participatory management? What methods may a leader employ to overcome these obstacles?SolutionParticipative management, also known as employee involvement and empowerment, encourages the participation of all the organizations stakeholders in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions. eon participative management seems like a utopian ideal, leaders face many obstacles in its efficacious implementation. oneness obstacle is encouraging the participation of employees in the managerial process of planning and making decisions. Employees may not fully participate due to pretermit of competencies, lack of confidence, and fear of rejection. Another reason is the employees lack of trust that his or her contributions will be valued. The presence of tension and rivalry among employees are also barriers to effective communication, and ability to work together. Leaders can address these issues by being sincere in their desire to implement participative management. Leaders should strengthen communication within the workplace, and initiate team-building activities to strengthen bonds between peers, and between employees and management. tuition programs should also be initiated to develop employees competencies, leadership skills and self-confidence.Once employees are fully committed to engage in participative management, other obstacles arise, which includes the amplification of the complexity of the organizations activities and the growing volume of information that managerial decisions are based on. These can lead to difficulty in getting things done, and slow response time to issues that need fast reactions an d actions. Leaders cannot solve these obstacles alone these require the concerted effort of the entire organization.However, leaders can take the lead in delegating responsibilities to reduce the hierarchic levels in the organization, and to decentralized authority so that the organization can respond to issues quickly and efficiently. Leaders can also establish quality circles, which are composed of around 8 to 10 employees along with the supervisor who share areas of responsibility among themselves. These circles can consider regularly to discuss problems in their respective areas andbrainstorm for solutions, which they can later present to the entire organization as a fully developed action plan. In this way, the complexity of participative management is simplified.Another obstacle to participative management concerns security issues. It is harder to ensure confidential information stays within the organization when more people are involved in managerial decisions. This confiden tial information can include patents, and product query and development. Leaders can address this obstacle by motivating employees to be accountable for their actions and to stay committed to the company by valuing their contributions. Question 5 What are some reasons employees and managers resist change? As a leader, what methods would you use to help employees and managers adapt to change? SolutionAdaptability to change is a prerequisite to become successful in the modern world characterized by increasing global awareness and fast turnover of technology. Organizations must(prenominal) respond to change and be willing to change to retain their competitive edge and relevance. However, implementing organizational changes are daunting for leaders, not least because most employees and managers resist change. The common reasons why employees resist change are the following change promotes fear, insecurity and uncertainty,difference in perception and lack of understanding,reaction agai nst the way change is presented,cynicism and lack of trust,and threats to vested interest.In order to overcome resistance to change, leaders can involve workers in the change process by openly communicating about the need for change, providing consultation to alleviate employees fears, and being naked to employees concerns. In order to implement change, leaders must decide on the method they will use to overcome resistance to change, and modify behavior. The trine-step approach is an example of such a method it is characterized by three basic stages unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. 1) Unfreezing Most people prefer to maintain the status quo, which isassociated with stability, rather than confronting the need for change. The starting stage, therefore, of a change process must involve unfreezing old behaviors, processes, and structures.This stage develops an awareness of the need for change, and the forces that supports and resists change. Awareness is facilitated with one-on-o ne discussions, presentations to groups, memos, reports, company newsletter, seminars, and demonstrations. These activities are designed to educate employees about the deficiencies of the current set-up and the benefits of the replacement. 2) Changing This stage focuses on learning new behaviors, and implementing the change. Change is facilitated when employees become uncomfortable with the identified deficiencies of the old system, and are presented with new behaviors, role models, and support structures. 3) Refreezing This stage focuses on reinforcing new behaviors, usually done by positive results, public recognition, and rewards.

Langston Hughes Salvation Essay Example for Free

Langston Hughes Salvation quizSome people may believe that salvation comes to those who deserve it. Others may believe that salvation comes to those who look for it. Still, there are those who believe that salvation is not a privilege but is rather a free gift for all. But for Langston Hughes, it appears that salvation for him is not what it seems to be. Apparently, Langston projects the image that a childs innocence may be a elbow room of looking at salvation in such a way that our staple fibre senses and sensibilities are put back to their simplest and uncorrupted state, devoid of fear from non-conformity from dogma and filled with eagerness to control what is real. Perhaps Langston Hughes is attempting to channel across the message that adulthood or perhaps our matured state, so to speak, has set(p) so much of what we believe in that we forget that we were once innocent beings eager to absorb what the human race was willing to give us. This is the manoeuver where I woul d like to agree with Langston Hughes. In the many events in our lives that counterfeit who we are and what we wantapart from the things that we want to wantour daily experiences have blown-uply contributed to our personality and character.sometimes an encounter with an atheist will strike your faith and religious feels and be put aback into a state of doubt, weighing odds at both ends and figuring out if your faith is strong tolerable to resist the temptation of atheism. Or perhaps an encounter with a tribesman living in a far-off, scourge forest may change the way you look at life, especially in terms of material possession. Whether or not we have already encountered these things, it can hardly be doubted that our personal experiences shares a large role in shaping our identities as individuals.As we grow, we start to acquire more of these experiences. Not surprisingly, our in front knowledge is replaced with fresher ones, relieving ourselves of the burden of having to carry the weight of obsolete beliefs as we go on with our lives. This is the point where Langston Hughes may very well agree we have grown to a point that we can entertain all but oneour state of innocence. It does not surprise me at all to see individuals bad-tempered with the complexities of life. After all, people change and so are the things we experience.The evolution of humanity, apart from the scientific sense, has paved the way for more of these complexities. And sometimes we are prompted to lie or to deceive ourselves out of innocence in direct to blend together with our environment. In order to convince other people, Hughes lied which made others reaffirm their belief in salvation. No doubt the believers would believe all the more in pillowcases where their beliefs are reaffirmed at least(prenominal) by what they see. But sometimesin fact, many timeswhat they see is not the one we or others see.In the end, we are confronted with the startling feeling of self-deception afte r convening and bending to what others believe in. We regret over our mistakes and hope to convince ourselves that all will be well although it simply cannot be the case after our actions have been committed. Salvation is such a broad concept that it simply cannot be restrain within the closed spaces of churches and congregations alone. If, indeed, salvation is free for all then why must there be a need to encroach ourselves into religious orders?And for God or Allahs name, where among these hundreds, if not thousands, of religious dominions are we to bob up salvation? Langston Hughes Salvation embodies these important points and the rest of what has been said here. Maturity betrays us in such a way that our innocence is hindered from allowing us to view the world outside the box detached from whatever it is that ties us to dogma, delusion and self-proclaimed salvation. Reference Hughes, L. (2007). Salvation. Retrieved November 7, 2007, from http//www. courses. vcu. edu/ENG200-dw c/hughes. htm

Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Thomas Hobbes adjudicateThe philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, especi everyy that of his major work, Leviathan, is designed to understand the motives of humans character and, from these, overheark the surest counselling to civil stay. This is hotshot of the earliest examples of a scientific method of understanding political science in that the commonwealth was to be built on a handful of axioms, only deriving from what Hobbes considered facts of human disposition (cf. Matthews, 118). The nature of these axioms leading to civil calm is the purpose of this present essay. The primary understanding of human nature that, if applied properly, would lead to social peace is that human beings desire baron.This is nearly identical to Machiavellis b parliamentary law on to politics. It seems that in both Hobbes and Machiavelli, human beings desire designer, and hence, unfold moral systems that justify the present holding or seeking of proponent (Morgan, 528-530, and 581-582). that the nature of this axiom is that people argon natur bothy programmed to seek power and no matter of moral suasion will stop this. Hobbes wants to begin from a single creation and build upon it rather than attempt to suppress it, since any attempt at suppression itself proves the axiom correct.If human nature is taken seriously rather than c solely overed over with metaphysical theories, past peace power be the consequent human beings must be taken as they are, not as one might want them to be. If the above axiom is true, that is, people desire power, than many other axioms mention from it. The start-off axiom that follows from the first is that reason is a slave to the passions (Morgan, 641). Reason, in other words, stacknot provide ends, exclusively provided means, and signifi washbasintly, justifications afterward the fact. Appealing to reason is hence, not appropriate with such a view of humanity, and only the arouse to passion will work here.Passion is nothing that c an be suppressed, notwithstanding it can be controlled. Passion is the engine of human nature in a similar sense that hunks of matter in a vacuum will continue in constant morion unless acted upon by another force. This is an little par each(a)el to Hobbes here, and the only opposing force to passionate human motion is other human beings, and hence, the problem humans are constantly, following from this, in a secern of war. What makes this evoke of war particularly rasping is that the abilities of human beings as individuals, or organizing into root words, are roughly equal (Morgan, 591).This means that the war of all(a) against all will continue constantly, with no clear winner. Any winner will be only a temporary winner, and will soon be dethroned by another faction. The fact of equality is not something here taken from observation, but from a deduction from atomic theory (or at least, the theories of matter current at the time), where atoms, in their basic structure, are a ll the said(prenominal). Matter is matter, energy is energy, humans are humans. From the above, it follows that human beings are determined. Free will, to an extent, is rejected in Hobbes.For him, liberty is the ability to do what one wills withtaboo outside opposition (Morgan, 621). This is self-consistent with determinism in that the will must have a reason, that is, a cause, for having the desire it has and kneading it to fruition. Hence, man is determined, but since he does what he wants, he is thus free. This just underscores the fact that reason is impotent to being virtually peace, only the passions can be appealed to in that the constant clashing of wills and the frustration of ones license as Hobbes describes it is constant warfare.From the above, Hobbes deduces that humanity is egocentric, power hungry and willful, and as a result, without some countervailing power, is in a constant pronounce of warfare. The nature of this countervailing power is the real centerpiece of the Leviathan. The general point is that if humanity can be reduced to a few, simple, clear axioms that follow logically from one another, as any swell scientific theory should do, then the introduce, the countervailing power that keeps these human atoms in line relative to one another, should likewise be simple, unified and follow logically from the axioms about human nature.Hence, Hobbes is seeking to be completely scientific and a realist about both humanity and the submit that they will live under in order to reach peace. At this point in the logical progression, it seems impossible to live in a state of peace. Human beings are depicted as lustful, egocentric and equal beings constantly in a state of motion and hence, clashing with all other peoples, essentially hunks of matter in motion, connected to an almost positive engine of passion. except it is the Leviathan that will bring this peace, and it is passion that it will use to justify itself and bring peace to the co mmonwealth. Hobbes describes humanity prior to all law and custom, that is, the law of nature. The primary motive force of humanity is power, considered mainly. But if warfare is a constant feature of the state of nature, then the drive for power for each and all is constantly being frustrated. It seems logical to hold that eventually, these egocentric people will constantly see their designs forbid and their purposes constantly harmed y others.From this, all those that seek power, that is, everyone, will be forced to come to some disciplinement, a covenant among themselves that will provide a measure of peace so that the power struggle can continue in more pacific channels. This is the nature of the covenant (Morgan, 594). This agreement comes not about with reason, but through the constant frustration of passion. Reason is a means to an end, and power is always that end. But power cannot be had in the state of nature given its constantly shifting nature, and therefore, reaso n then acts as a slave to passion and demands some kind of agreement, a contract that will bring peace.The nature of this covenant must follow from the facts of human nature outlined above. Hence, it cannot really be a parliamentary democracy because that scarcely leaves the state of nature intact, one faction constantly unseating another, leading to the same chaos as before. The kind of state that is agreed upon is basically a dictatorship of a fellowship that must act equally between individuals and factions within the society. All power is hence transferred to the state, the dictatorship, and in return, this power is used to keep the warring factions from destroying each other.The only real demand laid on the state is that of objectivity in judging among the factions, and hence, the state must ultimately be a monarchy (of sorts), equidistant from all centers of power in society and hence, able to judge among them fairly (Morgan, 613). Putting this differently, if power is the d esire of all individuals and factions, then it follows that the state exists solely for security (Morgan, 606). If humanity is described in axiomatic terms all following one from another, and the state is itself part of this logical progression, then it also follows that the nature of the states action also must follow from the above.This means that the state is unitary, dedicated to one purpose and ground on a rule of law that is simple and dedicated entirely to security and, according to the contract, treats all individuals and factions as morally equal to one another (Morgan, 641). The logical structure of the Leviathan comes down to working out contradictions in the axiomatic description of human beings. If human beings desire power and cannot get it in the state of nature, then a powerful state must be crated that permits humanity to live and seek after power through peaceful means.But since no faction will permit one group to rule at the expense of all others, the state must be single, focused and found on an agreed upon set of laws (a constitution) that enshrines this concept of political equality. Only then can all factions agree to give up their violent ways to the central authority. Since human beings are egocentric and passionate, the state based on the rule of law agreed to by all factions beforehand follows logically. The terms peace and arbiter are used here in highly technical and scientific ways that part radically with previous attempts to define and justify these words.Peace, according to Hobbes, is merely the absence of war (Morgan, 592). It simply is a state of affairs that permits power hungry individuals to pursue their designs in a peaceful manner. Any breach of this peace will, ideally, lead to swift and harsh action from the state that they have empowered to keep watch over their actions. Justice is similar in that it is based on knowledge. The early parts of the Leviathan are based on a scientific method, a means of coming to know human nature as generally and simply as possible.Justice just flows from this. Ultimately, justice derives from science, which is the knowledge of good and evil (Morgan, 603). In practice, this merely means that humans are attracted by the same set of things, and recoil from the same set of things. If power and what it implies are seen in the former, then the frustration of their liberty (as defined above) is what repels them. This knowledge alone allows one to see the theme and ultimate justice of the state.Hence, justice is defined accordingly, as the ability of the person, or, at last, the state, to control the passions of the nation when they threaten to disrupt the precarious balance of peace in the commonwealth (Morgan, 599-600). But this is understood by all who are punished by the state in that they have agreed to this on the basis that their own liberty is endlessly obstructed by others in the state of nature. But, as a concluding thought, this is the very nature of ones civic affairto eliminate all private desires and to follow the laws as laid down by the sovereign and agreed upon by those who have demanded these laws (Morgan, 610-611).Duty is not something that is arrived at through reason, but through the passionate desire for power. It is frustrated in the state of nature, but permitted to function freely under the rule of law. There is no thick view of civic handicraft here, but rather, the control over ones passions in the interest of those same passions, to permit them to develop in peace. The desire for peace derives from the identical desire for power, except that this desire is frustrated in a state of war. This is what makes Hobbes compelling the approach to politics could not be simpler.The concept of civic duty is summed up by Hobbes as the act of giving up governing oneself (Morgan, 608), and permitting the more violent elements of ones passion to be governed by the state only. What is left to the person is the peaceful pursuit of his passionate desires. politically speaking, the commonwealth is that entity that exists for the sake of peace and security by the efficient control of the private desires of the people involved. In its place, the public will as expressed by the laws of the sovereign so far as they do not violate the very simple terms of the contract.In conclusion, the nature of peace and civic duty for Hobbes are two sides of the same coin. The public persona of the person in the commonwealth is as a public entity, a person dedicated to civic peace and dedicated to the elimination of all own(prenominal) desires relative to other members of the community. The final end, according to Hobbes own description is the pursuit of power by peaceful means, engaging in commerce, etc. The sovereign is the public persona and serves to maintain this persona within the personalities of all involved.